By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By comparing the form of several yupanas, researchers found that calculations were based using the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 and powers of 10, 20 and 40 as place values for the different fields in the instrument.

By comparing Arithmetic and Geometric mean of numbers

By comparing different embryonic stages of different vertebrate species, he formulated the Recapitulation theory.

By comparing the parts of the genome that are not under natural selection and which therefore accumulate mutations at a fairly steady rate, it is possible to reconstruct a genetic tree incorporating the entire human species since the last shared ancestor.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome.

By comparing the relative positions of the moon and Mars with their anticipated positions, Vespucci was able to crudely deduce his longitude.

Soon however, Marl's records became more sample heavy, as can be seen by comparing the MC Shan LPs Down By Law ( 1987 ) and Born to be Wild ( 1988 ); the rhythms less electronic, with drum samples and patterns becoming more prominent.

By comparing the different natural languages, scholars hope to learn something about the nature of human intelligence and the innate biases and constraints that shape natural language, which are sometimes called universal grammar.

By comparing the times of the eclipses, the difference in longitude of Paris to Uranienborg was calculated.

By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.

By comparing skulls of different ethnic groups it supposedly allowed for ranking of races from least to most evolved.

By measuring the frequency of the returned signal and comparing that with the original, the difference can be easily measured.

By comparing the spectra of stars such as Sirius to the Sun, they found differences in the strength and number of their absorption lines — the dark lines in a stellar spectra due to the absorption of specific frequencies by the atmosphere.

By comparing the spectrum to computed models of stellar evolution, the age, mass, radius and luminosity of Tau Ceti can be estimated.

By monitoring vegetation changes over time, droughts can be monitored by comparing the current vegetation state to its long term average.

By instead comparing the radiated power in a given direction to the actual power that the antenna receives from the transmitter, the power gain takes into account that poorer efficiency, making it a more useful figure of merit for the ability of a transmitter in sending a radio wave toward a receiver.

By expanding the left hand side and then comparing the real and imaginary parts under the assumption that x is real, it is possible to derive useful expressions for cos ( nx ) and sin ( nx ) in terms of cos x and sin x.

By comparing the arrival times of gamma showers with the separations of the spacecraft, a location can be determined, for follow-up with other telescopes.

By comparing this with the account of stupteria given by Dioscorides in the 123rd chapter of his 5th book, it is obvious that the two are identical.

* 1862 – By analysing the spectroscopic signature of the Sun and comparing it to those of other stars, Father Angelo Secchi determines that the Sun is itself a star.

By counting numbers of live and dead mites that developed every 15 days and comparing this with his initial count on the infant, he was able to estimate how long that infant was dead.

By writing as a Laurent series and explicitly comparing terms, one may verify that it satisfies the relation

By the 1990s, the US had adopted the M4 carbine, a derivative of the M16 family which fired the same 5. 56mm cartridge but was lighter and shorter ( in overall length and barrel length ), resulting in marginally reduced range and power.

By 1604, Charles was three and a half and was by then able to walk the length of the great hall at Dunfermline Palace unaided.

By the end of his reign, Diocletian had secured the entire length of the Danube, provided it with forts, bridgeheads, highways, and walled towns, and sent fifteen or more legions to patrol the region ; an inscription at Sexaginta Prista on the Lower Danube extolled restored tranquilitas at the region.

By concatenation one can combine two words to form a new word, whose length is the sum of the lengths of the original words.

By manipulating the basic dimensional constants one can also construct the Planck time, Planck length and Planck energy which make a good system of units for expressing dimensional measurements, known as Planck units.

By the time production wrapped, Welles had been dropped from RKO, and, as part of the settlement, was required to edit the film to suitable length.

By the end of 2010, China's highways extends 74, 000 Kilometers, with the total length of all public roads reaching 3, 984, 000 km.

By comparison to Grierson and his unit, Flaherty's habitual working methods involved shooting relatively large amounts of film in relation to the planned length of the eventual finished movie, and the ensuing cost overruns obliged Grierson to take Flaherty off the project, which was edited by other hands into three shorter films.

By the 1960s, tracks of 333. 3m length were commonly used for international competitions ( eg: the Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome used for track cycling events at the 1968 Summer Olympics, and Leicester's Saffron Lane velodrome used at the 1970 and 1982 Track Cycling World Championships ).

By the middle of the 14th century these Freischöffen ( Latin scabini ), sworn associates of the Fehme, were scattered in thousands throughout the length and breadth of Germany, known to each other by secret signs and pass-words, and all of them pledged to serve the summons of the secret courts and to execute their judgment.

By contrast, soft X-rays hardly penetrate matter at all ; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~ 2 nm ) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.

By relaxing this requirement, the code length changes from to, the order of the element.

By adding frame numbers to the frame sync, it is possible to extend the length of the random sequence, by varying the random sequence in accordance with the frame number.

By taking the derivative of the optical path length, the stationary point is found giving the path taken by the light ( though it should be noted that the result does not show light taking the least time path, but rather one that is stationary with respect to small variations as there are cases where light actually takes the greatest time path, as in a spherical mirror ).

By 1983 it was accepted that the speed of light was constant and that this provided a more reproducible procedure for measuring length, the metre was redefined in terms of the speed of light.

By contrast, the minimum aperture does not depend on the focal length – it is limited by how narrowly the aperture closes, not the lens design – and is instead generally chosen based on practicality: very small apertures have lower sharpness due to diffraction, while the added depth of field is not generally useful, and thus there is generally little benefit in using such apertures.

By contrast, non-dimensionless quantities are measured in units of length, area, time, etc.

By 2000, The Bash Street Kids had reached such a heightened popularity they were all featured in feature length strips taking up a whole Beano comic.

By the end of the war, TVA had completed a 650-mile ( 1, 050-kilometer ) navigation channel the length of the Tennessee River and had become the nation's largest electricity supplier.

By 1960, a small " beatnik " group in Newquay, Cornwall, England ( including a young Wizz Jones ) had attracted the attention and the abhorrence of their neighbours for growing their hair to a length past the shoulders, resulting in a television interview with Alan Whicker on BBC television's Tonight series.

By dexterous management and large promises he overcame the misgivings of the Greek troops over the length and danger of the war ; a Spartan fleet of thirty-five triremes sent to Cilicia opened the passes of the Amanus into Syria and conveyed to him a Spartan detachment of 700 men under Cheirisophus.

By 1707, colonial soldiers from the Province of Carolina and their Yamasee Indian allies had killed or carried off nearly all the remaining native inhabitants, having conducted a series of raids extending the full length of the peninsula.

By dividing Caswell County into two squares – each side measuring approximately twenty ( 20 ) miles in length, the settlers formed two counties of each.