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By and instead
By 100 Trajan was back in Rome as Emperor instead of merely being a Consul.
" By 1923 however, Gropius was no longer evoking images of soaring Romanesque cathedrals and the craft-driven aesthetic of the " Völkisch movement ", instead declaring " we want an architecture adapted to our world of machines, radios and fast cars.
By the end of Judges the Israelites are in a worse condition than they were at the beginning, with Yahweh's treasures used to make idolatrous images, the Levites ( priests ) corrupted, the tribe of Dan conquering a remote village instead of the Canaanite cities, and the tribes of Israel making war on the Benjamites, their own brothers.
By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.
By the late 1950s a wave of Japanese machines forced most North American typewriter companies to cease business, but Tramiel instead turned to adding machines.
By March 1963 however, after the visit of Colonel Michael Greene of the United States Army, and the resulting ' Greene Plan ,' the pattern of bilaterally agreed military assistance to various Congolese military components, instead of a single unified effort, was already taking shape.
By 2000, almost no major vendor produced its own EDIF tools, choosing instead to OEM third-party tools.
By now, Hoover was no longer living in Australia, instead he visited the country in 1902, 1903, 1905 and 1907 as an overseas investor.
By the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas ( who had been canonised in 1323 and declared " Doctor Angelicus " of the Church in 1567 ) that the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 )— which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine — instead declined to take a position.
By the summer of 1973, Kahn and Cerf had worked out a fundamental reformulation, where the differences between network protocols were hidden by using a common internetwork protocol, and, instead of the network being responsible for reliability, as in the ARPANET, the hosts became responsible.
By turning his entire body to ice, instead of just wearing an icy exterior, Bobby now was capable of using his power in new, aggressive ways, adding spikes and padding to his ice structure.
By this definition HTML, XML, and even SGML ( apart from its rarely used CONCUR option ) would be disqualified and called " container languages " instead.
By 1976, however, he had sorted out the international travel problems, and went to Gabon instead, inspired by the book Trader Horn.
By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of modifying or adding a specific layer, instead of reworking the entire application.
By dividing the Cenozoic Era into three ( arguably two ) periods ( Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary ) instead of 7 epochs, the periods are more closely comparable to the duration of periods in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic eras.
By dividing the Tertiary Period into two periods instead of five epochs, the periods are more closely comparable to the duration of ' periods ' in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic Eras.
By the late 1960s, widespread efforts were underway to solve the problem diplomatically instead of with more missiles.
By replacing ten cards with five symbols and using three reels instead of five drums, the complexity of reading a win was considerably reduced, allowing Fey to devise an effective automatic payout mechanism.
By 1861, the year of the next tour, the United States was plagued by Civil War, so the cricketers headed to Australia instead.
By the time I was ten, I had eight years on skates instead of four, and a few seasons ’ worth of ice time against ten-year-olds.
By 1972, the clean and press was discontinued because athletes started to push with legs and bend backwards instead of strictly pressing the weight overhead, and this left the sole elements of what is today's modern Olympic weightlifting programme – the snatch and the clean and jerk. The snatch entails pulling with a wide grip the barbell overhead without pressing out with the arms. It is a very precise lift that can be nullified by a lack of balance of the athlete. The clean and jerk is more forgiving using a narrower grip pull the bar to the shoulders and then using the strength of the legs push until arms reach full extension without a press out.
By naming a descendant of his half-brother instead of his cousin, Otto II reinforced his father's policy of appointing close family members to key posts throughout the Empire.
By using intermediary ’ s the parasite DNA can spread to several hosts instead of remain concentrated within a single host, therefore promising a higher likelihood of DNA continuation.
* By equipment used: Laser surgery involves use of a laser for cutting tissue instead of a scalpel or similar surgical instruments.
By 1994, Numan decided to stop attempting to crack the pop market and concentrate instead on exploring more personal themes, including his vocal atheism.

By and comparing
By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.
By comparing the form of several yupanas, researchers found that calculations were based using the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 and powers of 10, 20 and 40 as place values for the different fields in the instrument.
By comparing Arithmetic and Geometric mean of numbers
By comparing the length and intensity of various methods of therapies, it was proven that intensity is a better predictor of recovery than the method of therapy used.
By comparing different embryonic stages of different vertebrate species, he formulated the Recapitulation theory.
By comparing the parts of the genome that are not under natural selection and which therefore accumulate mutations at a fairly steady rate, it is possible to reconstruct a genetic tree incorporating the entire human species since the last shared ancestor.
By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.
By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome.
By comparing the relative positions of the moon and Mars with their anticipated positions, Vespucci was able to crudely deduce his longitude.
Soon however, Marl's records became more sample heavy, as can be seen by comparing the MC Shan LPs Down By Law ( 1987 ) and Born to be Wild ( 1988 ); the rhythms less electronic, with drum samples and patterns becoming more prominent.
By comparing the different natural languages, scholars hope to learn something about the nature of human intelligence and the innate biases and constraints that shape natural language, which are sometimes called universal grammar.
By comparing the times of the eclipses, the difference in longitude of Paris to Uranienborg was calculated.
By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.
By comparing skulls of different ethnic groups it supposedly allowed for ranking of races from least to most evolved.
By measuring the frequency of the returned signal and comparing that with the original, the difference can be easily measured.
By comparing the spectra of stars such as Sirius to the Sun, they found differences in the strength and number of their absorption lines — the dark lines in a stellar spectra due to the absorption of specific frequencies by the atmosphere.
By comparing the spectrum to computed models of stellar evolution, the age, mass, radius and luminosity of Tau Ceti can be estimated.
By monitoring vegetation changes over time, droughts can be monitored by comparing the current vegetation state to its long term average.
By expanding the left hand side and then comparing the real and imaginary parts under the assumption that x is real, it is possible to derive useful expressions for cos ( nx ) and sin ( nx ) in terms of cos x and sin x.
By comparing the arrival times of gamma showers with the separations of the spacecraft, a location can be determined, for follow-up with other telescopes.
By comparing this with the account of stupteria given by Dioscorides in the 123rd chapter of his 5th book, it is obvious that the two are identical.
* 1862 – By analysing the spectroscopic signature of the Sun and comparing it to those of other stars, Father Angelo Secchi determines that the Sun is itself a star.
By counting numbers of live and dead mites that developed every 15 days and comparing this with his initial count on the infant, he was able to estimate how long that infant was dead.
By writing as a Laurent series and explicitly comparing terms, one may verify that it satisfies the relation

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