By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By comparing the form of several yupanas, researchers found that calculations were based using the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 and powers of 10, 20 and 40 as place values for the different fields in the instrument.

By comparing Arithmetic and Geometric mean of numbers

By comparing the length and intensity of various methods of therapies, it was proven that intensity is a better predictor of recovery than the method of therapy used.

By comparing different embryonic stages of different vertebrate species, he formulated the Recapitulation theory.

By comparing the parts of the genome that are not under natural selection and which therefore accumulate mutations at a fairly steady rate, it is possible to reconstruct a genetic tree incorporating the entire human species since the last shared ancestor.

By comparing mitochondrial DNA which is inherited only from the mother, geneticists have concluded that the last female common ancestor whose genetic marker is found in all modern humans, the so-called mitochondrial Eve, must have lived around 200, 000 years ago.

By comparing the genome compositions between genomes, scientists can better understand the evolutionary history of a given genome.

By comparing the relative positions of the moon and Mars with their anticipated positions, Vespucci was able to crudely deduce his longitude.

Soon however, Marl's records became more sample heavy, as can be seen by comparing the MC Shan LPs Down By Law ( 1987 ) and Born to be Wild ( 1988 ); the rhythms less electronic, with drum samples and patterns becoming more prominent.

By comparing the different natural languages, scholars hope to learn something about the nature of human intelligence and the innate biases and constraints that shape natural language, which are sometimes called universal grammar.

By comparing the times of the eclipses, the difference in longitude of Paris to Uranienborg was calculated.

By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.

By comparing skulls of different ethnic groups it supposedly allowed for ranking of races from least to most evolved.

By measuring the frequency of the returned signal and comparing that with the original, the difference can be easily measured.

By comparing the spectra of stars such as Sirius to the Sun, they found differences in the strength and number of their absorption lines — the dark lines in a stellar spectra due to the absorption of specific frequencies by the atmosphere.

By comparing the spectrum to computed models of stellar evolution, the age, mass, radius and luminosity of Tau Ceti can be estimated.

By monitoring vegetation changes over time, droughts can be monitored by comparing the current vegetation state to its long term average.

By instead comparing the radiated power in a given direction to the actual power that the antenna receives from the transmitter, the power gain takes into account that poorer efficiency, making it a more useful figure of merit for the ability of a transmitter in sending a radio wave toward a receiver.

By expanding the left hand side and then comparing the real and imaginary parts under the assumption that x is real, it is possible to derive useful expressions for cos ( nx ) and sin ( nx ) in terms of cos x and sin x.

By comparing the arrival times of gamma showers with the separations of the spacecraft, a location can be determined, for follow-up with other telescopes.

By comparing this with the account of stupteria given by Dioscorides in the 123rd chapter of his 5th book, it is obvious that the two are identical.

* 1862 – By analysing the spectroscopic signature of the Sun and comparing it to those of other stars, Father Angelo Secchi determines that the Sun is itself a star.

By counting numbers of live and dead mites that developed every 15 days and comparing this with his initial count on the infant, he was able to estimate how long that infant was dead.

By writing as a Laurent series and explicitly comparing terms, one may verify that it satisfies the relation

By these means we are enabled to distinguish polarity and periodicity in the world.

By Bott periodicity we get and for all n, so all the spaces in the topological K-theory spectrum are given by either or.

By the periodicity identities we can say if the formula is true for then it is true for all real θ.

By the periodicity of D in its first two arguments, the third argument being the length of the period for both,

By convention, letters at the beginning of the alphabet ( e. g. ) are typically used to represent constants, and those toward the end of the alphabet ( e. g. and ) are used to represent variables.

By mathematical analogy: A metasyntactic variable is a word that is a variable for other words, just as in algebra letters are used as variables for numbers.

By studying their abundances in open cluster stars, variables such as age and chemical composition are fixed.

By specifying which pointers can alias which variables, unrelated pointers can be ignored.

By changing variables in the simulation, predictions may be made about the behaviour of the system.

By imitating the performance of the project under evaluation, simulation can provide a distribution of NPV over a range of discount rates and other variables.

By default all implicitly declared variables are assumed to be floating point.

By induction, Hilbert's basis theorem establishes that, the ring of all polynomials in n variables with coefficients in, is a Noetherian ring.

By behavior modes we mean the tendencies of the variables in the system ( population or pollution, for example ) to change as time progresses.

By Itō's lemma for two variables we have

By separation of variables, two differential equations result by imposing Laplace's equation:

By comparing the bandgap voltages at two different currents, I < sub > C1 </ sub > and I < sub > C2 </ sub >, many of the variables in the above equation can be eliminated, resulting in the relationship:

By contrast, more traditional partition functions involve random variables that are real-valued, and range over a simplex -- a simplex, being the geometric way of saying that the total of probabilities sum to one.

By interfacing with MySQL technology, builders can script persistence of object inventories, states, and variables.

By working through a combination of learning strategies to discover the nature of a problem, understanding the constraints and options to its resolution, defining the input variables, and understanding the viewpoints involved, students learn to negotiate the complex sociological nature of the problem and how competing resolutions may inform decision-making.

By making a change of variables if necessary, we may assume that the point p is ( 0, 0 ).

By grouping together all of the clauses that use the same variable, and applying the inference rule to each pair of clauses, it is possible to find all inferences that are possible from a given 2-CNF instance, and to test whether it is consistent, in total time, where is the number of variables in the instance: for each variable, there may be pairs of clauses involving that variable, to which the inference rule may be applied.

By carefully controlling which variables are modified inside and outside the critical section ( usually, by accessing important state only from within ), concurrent access to that state is prevented.

By dividing the first differential equation by the third, separating the variables and integrating we get

By taking the whole complex of factors into consideration, only coordinated antecedent planning allows for fluid allocation where things that appear as " data " in static frameworks can be used as variables in a planning process.

By way of example one can enumerate the following categories of " data " that under coordinated antecedent plan would assume the form of variables that can be adjusted in the plan according to circumstances: rate of investment, distribution of investment between capital and consumption, choices of production techniques, geographical distribution of investment and relatives rates of growth of transport, fuel and power, and of agriculture in relation to industry, the rate of introduction of new products, and their character, and the degree of standardization or variety in production that the economy at its stage of development feels it can afford.

By default all numeric variables are stored as ( 8 byte ) real.

By virtue of 1500 shared 60-bit variables per game ( initially ), it was possible to implement online games.

The study ultimately concludes that its data and postulations are supported enough, according to researchers, to justify their use when conducting further research into similar questions about values and universality, and “ about how the whole integrated system of value priorities relates to background, attitude, and behavior variables .” The article is clear that ” By identifying universal aspects of value content and structure, this article has laid the foundations for investigating culture-specific aspects in the future ,” ( Shwartz, 60 ).