By the 1850s, slavery was still legal in the southern United States, but had been generally outlawed in the northern states, such as Illinois.

By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups, there were estimated 7, 000 Adamanese, divided into the following major groups:

By the 1850s, bunyip had also become a " synonym for imposter, pretender, humbug and the like " in the broader Australian community.

By the late 1850s, one of these mentions the term " French fried potatoes ".

By the 1850s, the East India Company controlled most of the Indian sub-continent, which included present-day Pakistan and Bangladesh.

By the 1850s, British and German missionaries and traders had penetrated present-day Namibia.

" By the 1850s, though, this meaning of ‘ broomstick ’ had fallen out of currency and references to ‘ broomstick marriages ’ began to be interpreted literally, as though they had involved a couple actually jumping over a stick.

By the 1850s, it was noticed that the numbers of birds seemed to be decreasing, but still the slaughter continued, accelerating to an even greater level as more railroads were developed after the American Civil War.

By the 1850s, Arapaho bands had coalesced into two tribes: the Northern Arapaho and Southern Arapaho.

By the 1850s, when a major covered bridge was constructed at Philippi to service travellers on the Beverly-Fairmont Turnpike, the County's population was approaching 10, 000 people.

By the 1850s, over 50 vessels a year were being launched from 15 shipyards and Essex became recognized worldwide as North America ’ s center for fishing schooner construction.

By the time that Charles Dickens visited Epsom Downs to view the race in the 1850s, entertainers such as musicians, clowns and conjurers plied their trades and entertained the crowds while others provided other forms of entertainment such as coconut stalls.

By the 1850s, the two-coin form was being played on the goldfields of the eastern colonies and it was spread across the country following subsequent goldrushes.

By the 1850s the Press was using steam-powered machine presses, employing two to three hundred people, and occupying several buildings in the Silver Street and Mill Lane area, including the one that the Press still occupies, the Pitt Building ( 1833 ), which was built specifically for the Press and in honour of William Pitt the Younger.

By the late 1850s, however, gold mining was beginning to decline and population dwindled as well.

By the 1850s, John Jefferson in his 20s was proprietor of the American Hotel in Madison.

By the 1850s several palatial steamboats were visiting the town as a regular stop on the Mobile to Columbus, Mississippi route along the Tombigbee.

By the early 1850s, the Sharp family had moved into the area from Walhalla, South Carolina.

By the late 1850s, the city had a population of around 20, 000.

By the 1850s the town had 14 single-saw mills, 3 gang-saw ( multiple-saw ) mills, 4 clapboard mills, 4 lath mills, and 3 shingle mills.

By the 1850s, Lowell had the largest industrial complex in the United States.

By the 1850s, the rapid growth of the metropolitan area meant it became too large to efficiently operate as a single post town.

By the 1850s, the city of Campbell had several saloons, a drug store, many physicians, two to three general stores, and a post office.

By the 1850s, one of his ferries ran by steam.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By 2001, the population had jumped to 206, 073, and it was 217, 988, in 48, 061 families, according to 2006 census.

By the 7th century BC, much of the Assyrian population used Akkadian influenced Eastern Aramaic and not Akkadian itself.

By the late 1960s, the area of LAFTA had a population of 220 million and produced about $ 90 billion of goods and services annually.

By making these data available to local public health officials in real time, most models of anthrax epidemics indicate that more than 80 % of an exposed population can receive antibiotic treatment before becoming symptomatic, and thus avoid the moderately high mortality of the disease.

By the 13th century, the city was an important port, with a mixed Basque and Gascon population.

By 1905, 62 % of the members were industrial workers ( 3 % of the population in 1897 ).

By 1973, the CPK were fighting battles against government forces with little or no North Vietnamese troop support, and they controlled nearly 60 % of Cambodia's territory and 25 % of its population.

By comparison, estimates of the population density per square kilometer of the Indian Ocean's other island microstates ranged from 241 ( Seychelles ) to 690 ( Maldives ) in 1993.

By 1340, Cairo had a population of close to half a million, making it the largest city west of China.

By the 1860s, there were around 5, 000 residents, and the population grew to around 10, 000 by the late 1880s.

By the 1860 census on the verge of the Civil War, 91. 7 percent of the black population, or nearly 20, 000 people, were free.

By the middle of the century, the population was bolstered by emigration from the Canary Islands, resettling the northern part of the colony and planting tobacco in the Cibao Valley, and importation of slaves was renewed.

By 2006, the percentage of foreign-born population had increased to just over 15 % in Dublin.

By the 3rd century, Caesarea had a population of about 100, 000.

By 1901 the population of Emsworth was about 2, 000.

By 1917 Finland had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization, improvements in the economy and standard of living, and the rise of a comprehensive labor movement ; economic, social, and political divisions were deepening while the Finnish political system was in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization.

By 1775, Washington had doubled the size of Mount Vernon to, and had increased its slave population to over 100.

By March 2006, at least 65 % of the Greek population was able to view Digital TV for free with the use of set-top boxes.

By 1939 the population had grown to over 120, 000.

By 1946, the major part of the population of these camps were cleared by NKVD and either sent home or conscripted ( see table for details ).

By mid-February to mid-March, the bulk of the population has arrived in the lagoons, filling them with nursing, calving and mating gray whales.

By New X-Men # 115, Genosha had a population of sixteen million mutants and a stable, advanced society.

By 1992 only 55 percent of the Honduran population continued to live in rural areas.

By the end of the 10th century, the Norse minority had merged with the Slavic population, which also absorbed Greek Christian influences in the course of the multiple campaigns to loot Tsargrad, or Constantinople.