By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the late 1960s he had started to become interested in scientific areas outside of mathematics.

By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.

By the 1960s, as VFL clubs increasingly recruited the best players from other states, they began to dominate the competition and the last match was played in 1976, with North Adelaide being the last non-Victorian winner in 1972.

By the 1960s, more citizens worked in service industries or for the canton-level government than in manufacturing.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

By the late 1960s, the area of LAFTA had a population of 220 million and produced about $ 90 billion of goods and services annually.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

By the 1960s, " the Big Apple " was known only as an old name for New York.

By the 1960s NATO had adopted the 5. 56 NATO cartridge.

By the 1960s, college cheerleaders began hosting workshops across the nation, teaching fundamental cheer skills to high-school-age girls.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By the end of the 1960s, admission to CUNY's flagship City College had become highly competitive.

By the late 1960s, the sexual revolution of the baby boomer generation had refocused public attitudes about sex.

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1960s, Humble officials realized that the time had come to develop a new brand name that could be used nationwide.

By the 1960s science fiction was combining sensationalism with political and technological critiques of society.

By the 1960s, motor vehicles were being restricted or banned from crossing the border, while only Spanish nationals employed on the Rock being allowed to enter Gibraltar.

By the 1960s, TV series, such as The Addams Family and The Munsters, used these stereotypes for camp comedy.

By the 1960s, the Hammond became popular with pop groups and was used on the British pirate station Radio 390.

By the 1960s, however, the quantitative revolution lead to strong criticism of regional geography.

By then the textile industry had started its decline ; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close its doors.

By the mid 1960s, Viola Spolin's classes were handed over to her protégé, Jo Forsberg, who further developed Spolin's methods into a one-year course, which eventually became The Players Workshop, the first official school of improvisation in the USA.

By 1889, the U. S. output of steel exceeded that of the UK, and Carnegie owned a large part of it.

By the late 19th century, the traditional business supporters of the UK Liberal Party had joined the Conservatives, making them the party of business and commerce.

By the mid-twenties the British film industry was losing out to heavy competition from Hollywood, the latter helped by having a much larger home market-in 1914 25 % of films shown in the UK were British, but by 1926 this had fallen to 5 %.

By the mid-eighties, bands began proliferating and became increasingly popular, including The Sisters of Mercy, The Mission ( known as The Mission UK in the US ), Alien Sex Fiend, The March Violets, Ausgang, Kommunity FK, Xmal Deutschland, Dead Can Dance, This Mortal Coil, The Bolshoi, and Fields of the Nephilim.

" By 2005 Škoda was selling over 30, 000 cars a year in the UK, a market share of over 1 %.

In the US, the new novels Moscow Club ( 1991 ) by Joseph Finder, Masquerade ( 1996 ) by Gayle Lynds, and The Unlikely Spy ( 1996 ) by Daniel Silva, and in the UK, A Spy By Nature ( 2001 ) by Charles Cumming and Remembrance Day ( 2000 ) by Henry Porter, maintained the spy novel in the post – Cold War world.

By 1920, chloroform was used in 80 to 95 % of all narcoses performed in the UK and German-speaking countries.

Greece Included in total are 11, 000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds The Soviet demographer Boris Urlanis estimated total military dead of 26, 000 including 15, 000 deaths due to disease Jean Bujac in a campaign history of the Greek Army in World War I listed 8, 365 combat related deaths and 3, 255 missing Other estimates of Greek casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: Killed / died wounds 5, 000 ; prisoners and missing 1, 000.

Romania: Included in total are 177, 000 killed or missing in action and died of wounds The statistic of 250, 000 military dead is " The figure reported by the Rumanian Government in reply to a questionnaire from the International Labour Office Other estimates of Romanian casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: 335, 706 Killed and missing By US War Dept in 1924: 335, 706 killed and died Civilian deaths exceeded the prewar level by 430, 000, caused by military action, food shortages, epidemics and the Spanish Flu A Russian journalist in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century estimated 120, 000 Romanian civilian deaths due to military activity, 10, 000 in Austro-Hungarian prisons and 200, 000 caused by famine and disease

POW 2, 384, 000. Other estimates of Russian casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: Killed 1, 700, 000 By the US War Dept in 1924 1, 700, 000 killed and died.

By UK War Office in 1922: Killed 45, 000, missing.

Other estimates of Austro-Hungarian casualties are as follows: By Austrian Ministry of Defense in 1938: Military dead 1, 016, 200 By UK War Office in 1922: Dead 1, 200, 00 By US War Dept in 1924: 1, 200, 00 killed and died A study published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in 1940 estimated civilian 467, 000 deaths " attributable to war ", the primary cause being famine.

Total dead 2, 050, 89-Other estimates of German casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: Killed 1, 808, 545 exclusive of 14, 000 African conscript deaths during the war By US War Dept in 1924: 1, 773, 700 killed and died.

The number of wounded was 763, 753 and POWs 145, 104 Other estimates of Ottoman military casualties are as follows: By UK War Office in 1922: Killed 50, 000, died wounds 35, 000, died of disease 240, 000 By US War Dept in 1924: 325, 000 killed and died.

By July the band had released their final single for Silvertone, " One Love ", which reached number four in the UK singles chart, their highest placing yet.

By the late 1990s the beer was the most widely distributed alcoholic product in the UK.

By the 2000s, the majority of sales were in the United States, where the beer has proven extremely popular, although it still sells 100 million bottles annually in the UK.

By this point, Queen's vast amount of record sales made them the second best selling artist in the UK of all time, behind The Beatles.

By the end of 2008, the country had a fleet of over 24, 000 locomotives, the most lines in the world, the fastest express train in service, and longest high speed track in the world .. UK, Denmark, and other countries in northern Europe that surround the Baltic Sea and North Sea, continue to develop their rapid expansion of off-shore wind farms.