By 8500-7500 BC the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A ( PPNA ) culture developed out of the earlier local tradition of Natufian in Southern Palestine, dwelling in round houses, and building the first defensive site at Jericho ( guarding a valuable fresh water spring ).

By the time of Vere Gordon Childe's work, The Dawn of Europe ( 1947 ), which affirms the Mesolithic, sufficient data had been collected to determine that the Mesolithic was in fact necessary and was indeed a transition and intermediary between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

By the eighth millennium BC, people of a Neolithic culture had settled into a sedentary way of life there in fortified mud-brick villages, where they supplemented hunting and fishing on the Nile with grain gathering and cattle herding.

By then, the dates of the Early Stone Age, or Paleolithic, and Late Stone Age, or Neolithic ( neo = new ), were fairly solid and were regarded by Goodwin as absolute.

By the Neolithic period, there were human settlements in the area of Lake Dian.

By the beginning of the Victorian period in 1837, the majority of Neolithic standing stones at Avebury had gone, having been either buried by pious locals in the 14th century or smashed up for building materials in the 17th and 18th.

By around 4000 BC, the island was populated by people with a Neolithic culture.

By far the most interesting New-Stone-Age site in the entire Cannock Chase area lies opposite Handsacre on the north bank of the River Trent in Mavesyn Ridware ( SK 085168 ), where a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure has been recorded on aerial photographs.

By the Neolithic period.

By what one reader called a `` series of dissolving views '', he merges one period into another and gives a sense of continuous growth.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

By the conditions accepted in the treaty, the Avars were to take possession of Pannonia and the Lombards were promised military support in Italy should the need arise ; also, for a period of 200 years the Lombards were to maintain the right to reclaim their former territories if the plan to conquer Italy failed, thus leaving Alboin with an alternative open.

By that period, the shiny armour plate was covered in dark paint and a canvas wrap covered their elaborate Napoleonic style helmets.

By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid 19th century.

B. Morton as authors of the Daily Express column " By the Way " in the period 1919 – 1975.

By contrast, the normal vaginal discharge will vary in consistency and amount throughout the menstrual cycle and is at its clearest at ovulation-about 2 weeks before the period starts.

By a strange twist, the Benedictines were not a mendicant order, but a stable, monastery-based order, and single-volume breviaries are rare from this early period.

By calculating the maximum time that electrical signals can move in various branches of a CPU's many circuits, the designers can select an appropriate period for the clock signal.

By 1968, the design had reached the one known today, and has been used continuously from this year, apart from a period in the 1970s when the just the letters CAFC appeared on the team's shirts.

By the crusader period, a cistern under the former basilica was rumoured to have been the location that Helena had found the True Cross, and began to be venerated as such ; although the cistern later became the Chapel of the Invention of the Cross, there is no evidence for the rumour prior to the 11th century, and modern archaeological investigation has now dated the cistern to the 11th century repairs by Monomachos.

By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared.

She continued to make minor and frequently nostalgic period musicals such as Starlift, The West Point Story, On Moonlight Bay, By the Light of the Silvery Moon, and Tea For Two for Warner Brothers.

By the Roman period, however, the sacrifices were performed in the mid-afternoon.

By the Hellenic period, the Alexandrian school made elegy its favorite and most highly developed form.

By the early Heian period, the shōen had obtained legal status, and the large religious establishments sought clear titles in perpetuity, waiver of taxes, and immunity from government inspection of the shōen they held.

By the end of the Early Modern period however, and the beginnings of the Enlightenment, many European governments brought in laws prohibiting many superstitious beliefs in an attempt to bring an end to the Witch Hunt ; this would invariably affect the release of grimoires.

By the Anglo-Swedish alliance of 3 March 1813, it was ceded to Sweden for a brief period of 15 months.

By the Hellenistic period, it began to also be associated with Greco-Roman mystery cults and ceremonies, becoming synonymous with the Greek term musterion.

By the end of the Saxon period, the port of Hastings had moved eastward near the present town centre in the Priory Stream valley, whose entrance was protected by the White Rock headland ( since demolished ).

By the baroque period, in Italy and Spain, more strings were added to allow for chromatic notes ; these were usually in a second line of strings.

By the Tudor period, the Irish culture and language had regained most of the territory initially lost to the colonists: even in the Pale, ‘ all the common folk … for the most part are of Irish birth, Irish habit and of Irish language ’.

By the end of this period his personal life was again in crisis.

By contrast, non-life insurance cover usually covers a shorter period, such as one year.

Following his marriage Albéniz settled in Madrid and produced a quantity of music in a relatively short period. By 1886 he had written over 50 piano pieces.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

By this time Henri's entire chest-back-lat-shoulder area is pumped-up to almost bursting point, and Claude takes time to do a bit more pectoral-front deltoid shaping work.

By 800 B.C. the Aegean was an area of common tongue and of common culture.

By using the palette to mask the top area of the display and taking care about when it changes mode it can shift the continuous graphics at the bottom of the display down in two pixel increments because the internal display counter is not incremented on blank scanlines during non-continuous graphics modes.

By 1971, 12 percent of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals, at an average concentration of 13 times the recommended USDA application rate for domestic use.

By 1971, 12 percent of the total area of South Vietnam had been sprayed with defoliating chemicals, at an average concentration of 13 times the recommended USDA application rate for domestic use.

By the late 1960s, the area of LAFTA had a population of 220 million and produced about $ 90 billion of goods and services annually.

By 667, the Afghan area was under invasion by the Arabs but in 683 Kabul revolted and completely routed the invading army which was led by the Governor of Seistan.

By the 18th century, the area from Sambas to Berau were tributaries to the Banjar Kingdom, but this eventually shrunk to the size of what is now South Kalimantan as a result of agreements with the Dutch.

By the late 1950s, the once-prosperous port area of downtown Manhattan was occupied by a number of dilapidated shipping piers, casualties of the rise of container shipping which drove sea traffic to Port Elizabeth, New Jersey.

By the 1970s the area was notorious for street robberies and drug dealing.

Boroughs proliferated in the suburban areas of the larger cities: By the 1980s there were 19 boroughs and three cities in the area that is now the City of Auckland.

By 1080, a huge area had been lost to the Empire, and the Turks were within striking distance of Constantinople.

By area of extent, it was one of the largest empires ever in history.

By far the largest of the SSSIs is called Cheddar Complex and covers of the gorge, caves and the surrounding area.

By 2002, the cross had been rebuilt and the area around it was redesigned to protect and enhance its appearance.

By the time Allen reached his teens, the area, while still a difficult area in which to make a living, began to resemble a town, with wood-frame houses beginning to replace the rough cabins of the early settlers.

By 1769 the situation in the Grants had deteriorated to the point where surveyors and other figures of New York authority were being physically threatened and driven from the area.

By suppressing the inhibition of neurons by external factors, the targeted area of the brain may be reactivated and thereby recruited to compensate for lost function.

By 1916 Shepard started working for the Intelligence Department sketching the combat area within the view of his battery position.

By the first century BC Germanic languages had become prevalent, and the inhabitants were called Belgæ while the area was the coastal district of Gallia Belgica, the most northeastern province of the Roman Empire at its height.

By the late evening of 12 April most of the major southern parts and all the western area of the city had been occupied by the Germans, who cleared the city house by house, street by street.

By the 3rd century, the Goths ruled a vast area north of the Black Sea from where they either through crossing the lower Danube or traveling by sea, raided the Balkan Peninsula and Anatolia as far as Cyprus.

By now Glasnevin was an area for families of distinction-in spite of a comment attributed to the Protestant Archbishop King of Dublin that " when any couple had a mind to be wicked, they would retire to Glasnevin ".