By the end of the century the Roman Catholic Church was beginning to make itself felt, mainly through such institutions as hospitals but also through its attitude towards organized labour.

By 1840 there were still only ten colonial bishops for the Church of England ; but even this small beginning greatly facilitated the growth of Anglicanism around the world.

By the beginning of the 8th century, these kingdoms had either been conquered by Nicene neighbors ( Ostrogoths, Vandals, Burgundians ) or their rulers had accepted Nicene Christianity ( Visigoths, Lombards ).

By the beginning of 1204, Isaac II and Alexios IV had inspired little confidence among the people of Constantinople in their efforts to defend the city from the Latins and Venetians, who were restless and rioted when the money and aid promised by Alexios IV was not forthcoming.

By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built space, and there were numerous qualified pilots available.

By the 1950s, the development of civil jets grew, beginning with the de Havilland Comet, though the first widely-used passenger jet was the Boeing 707, because it was much more economical than other planes at the time.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, Steiner's interests turned to explicitly spiritual areas of research.

By the time the Gospels of Luke and Matthew were written, Jesus is portrayed as being the Son of God from the time of birth, and finally the Gospel of John portrays him as the pre-existent Word () as existing " in the beginning ".

By a 20th-century classification, the idealists ( Kant, Hegel and others ), are considered the beginning of continental philosophy, while the empiricists are the beginning, or the immediate predecessors, of analytical philosophy.

By the mid-1990s, however, companies were beginning to ask what the return was on the investment they had made in this loosely controlled PC software buying spree.

By the end of Judges the Israelites are in a worse condition than they were at the beginning, with Yahweh's treasures used to make idolatrous images, the Levites ( priests ) corrupted, the tribe of Dan conquering a remote village instead of the Canaanite cities, and the tribes of Israel making war on the Benjamites, their own brothers.

By the late 19th century, as a result of the faster shipping, expanding fishery and industrialization of the island, exchanges of people between the island of Newfoundland and Cape Breton increased beginning a cultural exchange that continues to this day.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

By the 19th century, the season for celery had been extended, to last from the beginning of September to late in April.

By the beginning of the Warring States, progress in astronomy and mathematics allowed the creation of calculated calendars ( where intercalary months and days are set by a rule, and not arbitrarily ).

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Royal Society in England was discussing the practice of inoculation, and the smallpox epidemic in 1713 spurred further interest.

By the beginning of 1984, quarterly sales of the ColecoVision had dramatically decreased.

By the beginning of the 19th century, government policy on both sides of the Atlantic began to change, reflecting the growing popularity of the proposition that corporations were riding the economic wave of the future.

By the beginning of August 1524, they had received the requisite permission to discover and conquer lands further south.

By convention, unknowns are denoted by letters at the end of the alphabet, x, y, z, w, …, while knowns are denoted by letters at the beginning, a, b, c, d, ….

By the time Allen reached his teens, the area, while still a difficult area in which to make a living, began to resemble a town, with wood-frame houses beginning to replace the rough cabins of the early settlers.

By convention, letters at the beginning of the alphabet ( e. g. ) are typically used to represent constants, and those toward the end of the alphabet ( e. g. and ) are used to represent variables.

By 1912 and 1913, there are beginning to be many films from many American companies that rely on applying novel decoration to the story, rather than supplying any twists to the drama itself to sustain interest.

By the beginning of the Civil War, Austria-Hungary, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland had recognized Finnish independence.

By the Victorian era, ballad had come to mean any sentimental popular song, especially so-called " royalty ballads ", which publishers would pay popular singers to perform in Britain and the United States in " ballad concerts.

By the Victorian era Gothic had ceased to be the dominant genre and was dismissed by most critics ( in fact the form's popularity as an established genre had already begun to erode with the success of the historical romance popularised by Sir Walter Scott ).

By the mid 1890s, the Golden Dawn was well established in Great Britain, with membership rising to over a hundred and including every class of Victorian society.

By the Victorian period in the 19th century historians were more inclined to draw on the judgements of the chroniclers and to focus on John's moral personality.

By the 1960s, the Aldeburgh Festival was outgrowing its customary venues, and plans to build a new concert hall in Aldeburgh were not progressing, when redundant Victorian maltings buildings in the village of Snape, down the road from where Britten used to live, became available to hire.

By October 1969 Norman was a regular performer at the Salt Company, " a combination of late Victorian and early Salvation Army ", which held concerts on weekends in the upstairs loft of a converted apartment building in downtown Hollywood.

By this time the Victorian Government had a reward for the capture of a member of the Kelly Gang at £ 8, 000 ( equivalent to two million Australian dollars in 2005 ).

By Victorian times, the Black Country was one of the most heavily industrialised areas in Britain, and it became known for its pollution, particularly from iron and coal industries and their many associated smaller businesses.

By 1962 the symbolically important prison yard where the leaders of the 1916 rising were executed had been cleared of rubble and weeds and the restoration of the Victorian section of the prison was nearing completion.

By that stage, many of the gentry who had lived in them had moved elsewhere ; some to the wealthy Victorian suburbs of Rathmines and Rathgar, Killiney and Ballsbridge, where Victorian residences were built on larger plots of land, allowing for gardens, rather that the lack of space of the Georgian eras.

By the 1860s, Hughes had grown disenchanted with the materialism of Late Victorian England.

By the Victorian era, the symbolism of flowers had grown to become an elaborate language, and the symbolism of funeral wreaths was no exception.

In an interview with Fellini's screenwriter Ennio Flaiano, he said the name came from the Italian translation based on a 1901 southern Italy travel narrative by Victorian writer George Gissing, By the Ionian Sea.

By 1965 he was President of the Victorian Liberal Party.

By 1987, the Victorian Racing industry had purchased 3UZ and hence took back exclusive rights to horse racing coverage effective from February 1988.

By the Victorian era, the silk industry had entered a long decline and the old merchant dwellings had degenerated into multi-occupied slums.

By looking through its pair of lenses, an image in full natural color and 3-D was seen, a startling novelty in the late Victorian age.

By the early Victorian period, a terrace had come to designate any style of housing where individual houses repeating one design are joined together into rows.

By the Victorian era, large houses and estates in Britain maintained the use of separate rooms, each one dedicated to a distinct stage of food preparation and clean up.

By restoring buildings for use as college facilities, the college has been recognized by the American Institute of Architects, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Historic Savannah Foundation and the Victorian Society of America.

By the Victorian age, indoor riding had become a sophisticated art, with both rider and horse spending many years perfecting their form.

By the 19th century Victorian historians incorrectly concluded that the etymology of the words " keep " and tenazza were linked, and that all keeps had fulfilled this military function.

By contrast, corsets intended to exert serious body-shaping force ( as in the Victorian era ) were " long " ( extending down to and beyond the natural waist ), laced in back, and stiffened with boning.