By 1946, as the growing fellowship quarreled over structure, purpose, and authority, as well as finances and publicity, Wilson began to form and promote what became known as AA's Twelve Traditions, guidelines for an altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical structure that limited AA's purpose to only helping alcoholics on a non-professional level while shunning publicity.

By picturing Roman authority negatively proponents of this view believe that it is emphasizing the fact that Christian ’ s should obey and submit to Christ ’ s authority ( Acts 4: 19-20 ; 5: 29 ).

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

By 1974, another challenge to the state's authority and legitimacy had come from 19 April Movement ( M-19 ), a mostly urban guerrilla group founded allegedly in response to an electoral fraud during the final National Front election of Misael Pastrana ( 1970 – 1974 ) and the defeat of former dictator Gustavo Rojas.

" By leaving Knight intact, the associate justice restricted the authority of the federal government over local businesses or factories whose raw materials or products were part of interstate commerce.

By January 1972, Berg introduced through his letters that he was God's prophet for this time, further establishing his spiritual authority within the group.

By 1769 the situation in the Grants had deteriorated to the point where surveyors and other figures of New York authority were being physically threatened and driven from the area.

Faith involves more than outward obedience to this authority, but also must be based on a deep personal understanding of religious teachings. By faith is meant, first, conscious knowledge, and second, the practice of good deeds.

By our Apostolic authority we forbid also the fortifying of churches and their conversion to profane uses.

By 1794, after Washington ordered the protesters to appear in U. S. district court, the protests turned into full-scale defiance of federal authority known as the Whiskey Rebellion.

By this time, the office of duke of Swabia had been fully subsumed into the office of the king, and without royal authority had become meaningless.

By the beginning of the 16th century the Libyan coast had minimal central authority and its harbours were havens for pirates.

By the 16th century, the manikongo held authority from the Atlantic in the west to the Kwango River in the east.

By not replacing the slain senators, and not consulting the Senate on all matters of government, he diminished both the size and also the authority of the Senate.

By the time of Constans II ( who also organized campaigns against the Slavs ), the significant number of the Slavs of Macedonia were captured and transferred to central Asia Minor where they were forced to recognize the authority of the Byzantine emperor and serve in its ranks.

By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context.

By excluding the Bavarian line of Ottonians from the line of succession, Otto's son and successor Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor strengthened Imperial authority and secured his own son's succession to the Imperial throne.

" By means of religion ," d ' Alembert wrote, " the Jesuits established a monarchical authority in Paraguay, founded solely on their powers of persuasion and on their lenient methods of government.

By the beginning of the 1st Century BC, the Rex Sacrorum was all but forgotten and the pontifex maximus given almost complete religious authority over the Roman religion.

By 1580, even men wore them, and a person with authority or wealth was often referred to as, " well-heeled ".

By that time, the moral authority of Barre's government had collapsed.

By the 11th century BC, the authority of the New Kingdom dynasties had diminished, allowing divided rule in Egypt, and ending Egyptian control of Kush.

By 1330s, the Chagatayids exercised the full authority over the Uighur Kingdom in Turfan.

By 801, a strong central authority appears to have been established in Jutland, and the Danes were beginning to look beyond their own territory for land, trade and plunder.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

`` By one fell swoop the Court now finds that Congress indulged in needless legislation in the acts of 1910, 1913, 1925, 1934 and 1937.

By these measures, Congress, so the Court ( in effect ) now decides, gave not only needless but inadequate relief, since it now appears that the federal courts have inherent power to sterilize the Act of 1875 against all proceedings challenging local regulation ''.

By tradition, when the Justices are in conference deliberating the outcome of cases before the Court, the justices state their views in order of seniority.

By virtue of practice directions issued under section 75 ( 1 ) of the Supreme Court Act 1981, an indictment must be tried by a High Court judge, a Circuit judge or a recorder ( which of these it is depends on the offence ).

By 1997, the phrase had entered the legal lexicon as seen in an opinion by Supreme Court of the United States Justice John Paul Stevens, ' An example of " junk science " that should be excluded under the Daubert standard as too unreliable would be the testimony of a phrenologist who would purport to prove a defendant ’ s future dangerousness based on the contours of the defendant ’ s skull.

By 2000, the most notable instance was New Zealand, whose Prime Minister, senior politicians, Chief Justice and Court of Appeal judges were conventionally made Privy Counsellors.

By 1968 all forms of segregation had been declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, and by 1970 support for formal legal segregation had dissolved.

By the 1960s, the Court had extended its interpretation of substantive due process to include rights and freedoms that are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but that, according to the Court, extend or derive from existing rights.

* The Constitution Of The United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 28, 2002, United States Senate doc.

By permitting the publication of Fanny Hill, the U. S. Supreme Court set the bar for any ban so high that Rembar himself called the 1966 decision " the end of obscenity ".

By the beginning of 1839 Richard Wagner was employed as a conductor at the Court Theatre in Riga.

By the conditions of the peace treaty, the Northern Court and the Southern Court were supposed to alternate control of the throne.

By this time, by current French court standards Hampton Court appeared old-fashioned.

By 1806 the owner of Vlissingen asked to be exempted from the responsibility of maintaining the road which is now called Camp Street, but the Court refused the request.

By removing the jurisdiction of federal courts, including the Supreme Court, from cases involving the Pledge, this legislation sets a dangerous precedent: threatening religious liberty, compromising the vital system of checks and balances upon which our government was founded, and granting Congress the authority to strip the courts ' jurisdiction on any issue it wishes.

" By this time, Leavitt Thaxter had taken on the role, described in an act passed by the General Court of Massachusetts, as " guardian of the Indians and people of color resident at Chappequiddic and Indiantown in the County of Dukes County.

By 2001, all 58 counties had consolidated their courts into a single Superior Court.

By the beginning of the 16th century the town extended along the west bank of the Thames from Friday Street in the south to the Manor, now Phyllis Court, in the north and took in Hart Street and New Street.

By this time, the Blow family had relocated to Missouri and become opponents of slavery, granting the Scotts emancipation by Henry Taylor Blow on May 26, 1857, less than three months after the Supreme Court ruling. Scott went to work as a porter in St. Louis for nearly 17 months before he died from tuberculosis in September 1858.

By December 8, 2000, there had been multiple court decisions regarding the presidential election in Florida and on that date the Florida Supreme Court, by a 4-3 vote, ordered a statewide manual recount.