By the mid-late 3rd century BC, an intricate water-management system within Dholavira in modern day India, was built.

By the mid-late 1860s the preponderance of the objectives of the Chartist movement had largely been frustrated.

By the mid-late 1990s, the Salem Mall was officially considered a dead mall.

By the mid-late 2000s, Euro disco saw renewed interest.

By the 1970s the authors of volumes such as Reinventing Anthropology worried about anthropology's relevance.

By the 1970s the shift was underway from the earlier economic history to cultural history and the history of mentalities.

By the 1970s the government adopted a policy of keeping employment artificially high in the declining industry.

By the 1970s the Museum was again expanding.

By the 1970s the area was notorious for street robberies and drug dealing.

By the mid-1950s the system was being used in at least sixty British libraries and in a hundred by the 1970s.

By the mid 1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again movement.

By 1968, the design had reached the one known today, and has been used continuously from this year, apart from a period in the 1970s when the just the letters CAFC appeared on the team's shirts.

By 1982 the stagnation of the Soviet economy was obvious, as evidenced by the fact that the Soviet Union had been importing grain from the U. S. throughout the 1970s, but the system was so firmly entrenched that any real change seemed impossible.

By the late 1970s, two and a half million British homes received their television service via cable.

By the early 1970s electronic pocket calculators ended manufacture of mechanical calculators, although the Curta remains a popular collectable item.

By the late 1970s, RCA decided to remove Atkins from his producing duties and replace him with younger men.

By the late 1970s, a strong anti-disco sentiment developed among rock fans and musicians, particularly in the United States.

By the late 1970s, melodrama was nearly finished as an overt genre, as the hunger for realism dominated film in groundbreaking movies like Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets.

By the late 1970s the good times were over for both downtown and local businesses and industries.

By the late 1970s, the EPLF had become the dominant armed Eritrean group fighting against the Ethiopian Government, and Isaias Afewerki had emerged as its leader.

During the late 1970s he acquired a large public audience as a critic of the then Labour government's disregard of civil liberties ; his writings from this time are collected in Writing By Candlelight ( 1980 ).

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1970s, these had achieved only mixed results due to flaws in the planning process as well as inadequate funding and a shortage of the skilled managers and technicians needed for implementation.

By the early 1970s, the picture changed: software costs were dramatically increasing, a growing software industry was competing with the hardware manufacturer's bundled software products ( free in that the cost was included in the hardware cost ), leased machines required software support while providing no revenue for software, and some customers able to better meet their own needs did not want the costs of " free " software bundled with hardware product costs.

By the late 1970s, many companies around the world ( but especially Japan ), entered the fax market.

By the early 1970s there were 22 associations with women's sections in the FIH and 36 associations in the IFWHA.

By the mid 1970s, there were enough media zines being published that adzines existed just to advertise all of the other zines available.

By the 1970s the science fiction community was confronting questions of feminism and sexism within science fiction culture itself.

By the 1970s and 1980s, true female heroes started to emerge on the pages of comics.

From Fly By Night onward, Lee favoured Rickenbacker basses, particularly the 4001 model.

By 1649, the East India Company ordered all homeward-bound vessels to wait for one another at St Helena and in 1656 onward the Company petitioned the government to send a man-of-war to convoy the fleet home from there.

By the 1970s onward extremely few children were taught Cajun French as a first language since the previous generations were taught to be ashamed of their heritage.

By the Late Middle Ages ( circa 1300 onward ), Latium, the heartland of the Roman Empire, and southern Italy, was poorer than the north.

By chronological licence the characters appear to age about one year in every four – at least from around 1925 onward.

By 1934, he moved onward to become a State of Texas Tax Commissioner.

By agreement with the National Basketball Players Association, the drafts from 1989 onward have been limited to two rounds, which gives undrafted players the chance to try out for any team.

By 1957, while staying with the painter Larry Rivers in Southampton, New York, he began to include scrap metal from cars with his sculpture Shortstop, and from 1959 onward he concentrated on sculpture built entirely of crushed automobile parts welded together.

By the middle of the sixties the party was arguing that its experiences from the Harlem rebellion onward had slowly convinced them to abandon advocacy of ethnic nationalism as a politically appropriate route to workers seizing state power, but it did not set out this new conviction in official Party doctrine until 1969, when it came out openly with an organization-wide document called Revolutionaries Must Fight Nationalism.

By the time the Visigoths under their king Alaric entered Italy and sacked Rome in 410 – the first time a foreign army had set foot in Rome since 390 BC, some 800 years earlier – Rome had ceased to be capital of the Empire either in East or West ( the capital in the East was Nicomedia from 286 to 330, and Constantinople from 330 onward ; in the West it was Milan from 286 to 402, and Ravenna from 402 onward ); indeed, by that point in history, the Bishop of Rome was one of the few senior Ecclesiastical or Imperial officials in the Roman Empire to actually reside in Rome.

By the time the NDP was held at the National Stadium ( for the first time ) in 1976, the NDP Guard of Honour, composed of officers and personnel of the SAF and the Singapore Police Force made its first appearance, followed after the parade proper by the very first evening presentations by various groups, a prelude to future evening NDPs in 1980 and from 1984 onward.

By March 1861, no leaders of the insurrection had proposed rejoining the Union on any terms.

By its terms the boundary between Alfred ’ s and Guthrum ’ s kingdoms was to run up the River Thames, to the River Lea ; follow the Lea to its source ( near Luton ); from there extend in a straight line to Bedford ; and from Bedford follow the River Ouse to Watling Street.

By terms of the treaty, moreover, Alfred was to have control over the Mercian city of London and its mints — at least for the time being.

By 1912, Ostwald noted that the allotropy of elements is just a special case of the phenomenon of polymorphism known for compounds, and proposed that the terms allotrope and allotropy be abandoned and replaced by polymorph and polymorphism.

By the terms of his father's will he received an appanage of Poitou and Auvergne.

By a process known as self-attribution, it has been shown in numerous studies that individuals with knowledge of astrology tend to describe their personality in terms of traits compatible with their star sign.

By the terms of the Thirty Years ' Peace ( 445 BC ) Athens covenanted to restore to Aegina her autonomy, but the clause remained a dead letter.

By the terms of the agreement, the election of bishops and abbots in Germany was to take place in the emperor's presence as judge between potentially disputing parties, free of bribes, thus retaining to the emperor a crucial role in choosing these great territorial magnates of the Empire.

By treating the extra acceleration terms due to the rotation of the frame as if they were forces, subtracting them from the physical forces, it's possible to treat the second time derivative of position ( relative to the rotating frame ) as absolute acceleration.

By the time mass applications for wireless Internet had emerged, and the U. S. had opened up to DECT, well into the new century, the industry had moved far ahead in terms of performance and DECT's time as a wireless data transport had passed.

By the mid-1950s, largely due to the ecumenical evangelism of Billy Graham, the terms evangelicalism and fundamentalism began to refer to two different approaches.

By contrast, Interlingua ( 1951 ) has greatly surpassed Ido in terms of popularity.

By the terms of the Honduran constitution, this stalemate left the final choice of president up to the legislature, but that body was unable to obtain a quorum and reach a decision.

By the late 20th century, Hong Kong was the seventh largest port in the world and second only to New York and Rotterdam in terms of container throughput.

In 1992, author Ted Nelson – who coined both terms in 1963 – wrote: By now the word " hypertext " has become generally accepted for branching and responding text, but the corresponding word " hypermedia ", meaning complexes of branching and responding graphics, movies and sound – as well as text – is much less used.

By the 14th century however, on Mount Athos the terms Hesychasm and Hesychast refer to the practice and to the practitioner of a method of mental ascesis that involves the use of the Jesus Prayer assisted by certain psychophysical techniques.

" By default, American individualists had no difficulty accepting the concepts that " one man employ another " or that " he direct him ," in his labor but rather demanded that " all natural opportunities requisite to the production of wealth be accessible to all on equal terms and that monopolies arising from special privileges created by law be abolished.

By the terms of the Local Government Act 2001, the counties of North Tipperary and South Tipperary were created.

By the terms of the Thirty Years ' Peace of 446-445 BC Megara was returned to the Peloponnesian League.

By the beginning of 20th century the booming and more complex mining sector in mineral-rich countries provided only slight benefits to local communities in terms of sustainability.

By most economic measures, after partition the North was better off in terms of industry and natural resources.

By revealing ( in modern terms ) that numbers could be irrational, this discovery seems to have provoked the first foundational crisis in mathematical history ; its proof or its divulgation are sometimes credited to Hippasus, who was expelled or split from the Pythagorean sect.

By contrast, many ethical philosophers have tried to prove some of their claims about ethics by appealing to an analysis of the meaning of the term " good "; they held, that is, that " good " can be defined in terms of one or more natural properties which we already understand ( such as " pleasure ", in the case of hedonists ).

By the end of the century, Ontario vied with Quebec as the nation's leader in terms of growth in population, industry, arts and communications.

By defining a thing solely in terms of its external relationships or effects we only find its external, or explicit nature.