Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

By 454, the Delian League could be fairly characterized as an Athenian Empire ; at the start of the Peloponnesian War, only Chios and Lesbos were left to contribute ships, and these states were by now far too weak to secede without support.

By the mid-1960s, both systems showed enough promise to start development of base selection for a limited ABM system dubbed Sentinel.

By the start of the war this included

By the start of the 1996 season, Fitzroy was almost at the end of its financial tether.

By quickly setting up for the next play ( often within 5 – 10 seconds after the last play despite being afforded 45 seconds ) this hindered the other team's defense from substituting situational players, regrouping for tactics, and, some suggest, increased the defense's rate of fatigue ( This is attributed to the belief that the offense dictates when a play starts so they tend to be more mentally relaxed and prepared for the start of a play where the defense must remain on a higher level of alert before the play starts ).

By the start of World War I the cinema in Poland was already in full swing, with numerous adaptations of major works of Polish literature screened ( notably the Dzieje grzechu, Meir Ezofowicz and Nad Niemnem.

By the start of the fourteenth century the word appeared in English texts, indicating all three senses: the most common one, the legal term and the archaic usage.

By the start of the 18th century, a political union between Scotland and England became politically and economically attractive, promising to open up the much larger markets of England, as well as those of the growing British Empire.

By the start of the Common Era, " robust, vertical, angular harps " ( fig.

By the start of the First World War, the German Imperial Navy possessed 22 pre-Dreadnoughts, 19 dreadnought battleships and 7 battlecruisers.

By the start of the Eocene 55 million years ago ( Mya ), they had diversified and spread out to occupy several continents.

( By comparison, the Standard Model is expected to start to break down above its cutoff at the much smaller scale of around 1000 GeV.

By the start of the 20th century France and Switzerland remained the only republics in Europe.

By the start of the 20th century it became widely popular throughout North America and was listened and danced to, performed, and written by people of many different subcultures.

By starting this Super Bowl Tarkenton became the second quarterback to start three Super Bowls, following his Super Bowl VIII counterpart Bob Griese.

By the start of the scientific revolution, empiricism had already become an important component of science and natural philosophy.

By using this otherwise wasted energy to increase the mass of air, it becomes easier to ensure that all fuel is burned before being vented at the start of the exhaust stage.

By the start of the 17th century ' jachts ' came in two broad categories-speel-jachts for sport and oorlog-jachts for naval duties.

By the start of the 21st century, a modified " short-cut " version was being served by fast-food chains in servings up to.

By using a transmission gearbox, the rotational inertia of the flywheel can be used to directly start up a diesel engine, and once running, the diesel engine can be used to directly spin the flywheel.

By 1528, less than ten years after the start of the Reformation, the lords of the Frankish margrave territories switched to the Lutheran faith.

By the morning of 2 May, they had gained the safety of Berkeley Castle and had a head start of over Edward.

By 1111 the ranks had grown sufficiently at Cîteaux, and Stephen sent a group of 12 monks to start a " daughter house ", a new community dedicated to the same ideals of the strict observance of Saint Benedict.

By the start of the 1980s most politicians had lost interest in the concept and the project was repeatedly de-funded in the early 1980s.

By an effort of historical sympathy we can cast our minds back into the art of a remote past or an alien present, and enjoy the carvings of cavemen and Japanese colour-prints ; ;

By doing so, it links the holy past to the historical present and represents Alfred's law-giving as a type of divine legislation.

By contrast, in an inquisitiorial system, the fact that the defendant has confessed is merely one more fact that is entered into evidence, and a confession by the defendant does not remove the requirement that the prosecution present a full case.

It continues to the present day in much the same format, but is now entitled " Beachcomber ", not " By the Way ".

By the 1st century CE, the inhabitants had developed relatively stable, organized societies and spoke languages very much related to the Cambodian or Khmer of the present day.

By 1935, the only significant independent nation that did not possess a central bank was Brazil, which subsequently developed a precursor thereto in 1945 and the present central bank twenty years later.

By the 1990s Conservative Judaism continued to flourish, yet dichotomies of practice and belief, which had been present for years, began to formulate.

By contrast, progressive education finds its roots in present experience.

By substituting these three verbs, even without clarifying morality ( ought, shall, should, must ) or the actor ( s ) who do or did something, becomes / remains / equals makes clear what time frame of relationship is asserted, and disallows assuming one stable past / present / future timeline-known as single scenario planning or blind linearity and considered a grave error in risk analysis.

By the time the present generation formed, the debris had thinned out to the point that it no longer greatly interfered with the moons ' orbits.

By contrast, the " Verb of Similarity " ( فعل المضارع, fi ' l al-mudaara ' ah ), so called because of its resemblance to the active participial noun, is considered to denote an event in the present or future without committing to a specific aspectual sense beyond the incompleteness implied by the tense: يضرب " yadribu ", he strikes / is striking / will strike / etc.

By sorting formulas according to the number of atoms of each element present in the formula according to these rules, with differences in earlier elements or numbers being treated as more significant than differences in any later element or number — like sorting text strings into lexicographical order — it is possible to collate chemical formulas into what is known as Hill system order.

By the end of the Saxon period, the port of Hastings had moved eastward near the present town centre in the Priory Stream valley, whose entrance was protected by the White Rock headland ( since demolished ).

By the late 1800's, the nation had become weak, and had been reduced to its present day size due to the encroachment of rival imperial powers such as the Ottoman Turks, the British, and the Russians.

By irradiating food, depending on the dose, some or all of the harmful bacteria and other pathogens present are killed.

By contrast, homoerotic themes were present in poetry and other literature written by some Muslims from the medieval period onwards and which celebrated love between men.

By 1874, the Louvre Palace had achieved its present form of an almost rectangular structure with the Sully Wing to the east containing the square Cour Carrée and the oldest parts of the Louvre ; and two wings which wrap the Cour Napoléon, the Richelieu Wing to the north and the Denon Wing, which borders the Seine to the south.

By the end of the era, the continents had rifted into nearly their present form.

By 1969, the cricket ground had been demolished to make way for the present day rugby ground to the north and a second rugby stadium to the south, called the National Stadium.

By the early 1960s minimalism emerged as an abstract movement in art ( with roots in geometric abstraction of Kazimir Malevich, the Bauhaus and Piet Mondrian ) that rejected the idea of relational and subjective painting, the complexity of abstract expressionist surfaces, and the emotional zeitgeist and polemics present in the arena of action painting.

By telling or reenacting myths, members of traditional societies detach themselves from the present and return to the mythical age, thereby bringing themselves closer to the divine.

By analyzing the type of granite, geologists were able to discover that glaciers carried Bubble Rock to its present location from the town of Lucerne, Maine — away.

By the mid-16th century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors.

By early 1831, with order restored, Panama reincorporated itself to what was left of the republic-forming a territory now slightly larger than present day Panama and Colombia combined-which by then had adopted the name of Republic of New Granada.

By studying how cultural concepts have changed over time, post-structuralists seek to understand how those same concepts are understood by readers in the present.