By personal factors I mean those rooted in personality structure.

By 1946, as the growing fellowship quarreled over structure, purpose, and authority, as well as finances and publicity, Wilson began to form and promote what became known as AA's Twelve Traditions, guidelines for an altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical structure that limited AA's purpose to only helping alcoholics on a non-professional level while shunning publicity.

By finding how similar two protein sequences are, we acquire knowledge about their structure and therefore their function.

For example, periodic acid according to Kekuléan structure theory could be represented by the chain structure I-O-O-O-O-H. By contrast, the modern structure of ( meta ) periodic acid has all four oxygen atoms surrounding the iodine in a tetrahedral geometry.

By this point, the Franciscan Order had grown to such an extent that its primitive organizational structure was no longer sufficient.

By 1913, the yellow brick factory had been demolished and on the site a new 5-story structure of reinforced concrete and red brick had been built.

By 2000 the social structure included a politically active working class, a primarily clerical middle class, and an upper bracket consisting of managers, entrepreneurs, and professionals.

By turning his entire body to ice, instead of just wearing an icy exterior, Bobby now was capable of using his power in new, aggressive ways, adding spikes and padding to his ice structure.

By the early 15th century, the ruling structure had split into several large groups known as khanates, including the Nogai Horde and the Uzbek Khanate.

By 1874, the Louvre Palace had achieved its present form of an almost rectangular structure with the Sully Wing to the east containing the square Cour Carrée and the oldest parts of the Louvre ; and two wings which wrap the Cour Napoléon, the Richelieu Wing to the north and the Denon Wing, which borders the Seine to the south.

By supplying the parallel structure, the original conclusion becomes logical.

By then, Chinese-made high-performance computers will be expected to achieve two major breakthroughs: first, the adoption of domestic-made central processing units ( CPUs ); second, the existing cluster-based system structure of high-performance computers will be changed once the computing speed reaches one quadrillion operations per second.

By the late 1930s, some musicals began to be written with a more operatic structure.

By studying the limit of the manifold for large time, Perelman proved Thurston's geometrization conjecture for any fundamental group: at large times the manifold has a thick-thin decomposition, whose thick piece has a hyperbolic structure, and whose thin piece is a graph manifold, but this extra complication is not necessary for proving just the Poincaré conjecture.

By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported starting from the amino-terminal ( N ) end to the carboxyl-terminal ( C ) end.

By changes in structure, specific proteins acquire the capability to enter the nucleus of the cell and bind to promoter DNA, or to other proteins that themselves are already bound to a given promoter.

By the thirteenth century, it signified a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure.

By December 1838, he had noted a similarity between the act of breeders selecting traits and a Malthusian Nature selecting among variants thrown up by " chance " so that " every part of newly acquired structure is fully practical and perfected ".

By this Resolution, the UN General Assembly established an international commission which, in collaboration with the Government of Costa Rica, was requested to prepare the organization, structure and setting in motion of the University for Peace.

By comparison, in a general topological space, given sets A, B it is meaningful to say that a point x is arbitrarily close to A ( i. e., in the closure of A ), or perhaps that A is a smaller neighborhood of x than B, but notions of closeness of points and relative closeness are not described well by topological structure alone.

By 2 months of age, the vocal fold started differentiating into a bilaminar structure of distinct cellular concentration, with the superficial layer being less densely populated than the deeper layer.

By 11 months, a three-layered structure starts to be noted in some specimens, again with different cellular population densities.

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By 1930, quantum mechanics had been further unified and formalized by the work of Paul Dirac and John von Neumann, with a greater emphasis placed on measurement in quantum mechanics, the statistical nature of our knowledge of reality, and philosophical speculation about the role of the observer.

By comparison, a quantum computer could efficiently solve this problem using Shor's algorithm to find its factors.

By removing the need to load the particle with the properties of space and time, a fully deterministic, local and causal description of quantum phenomena is possible by use of a simple dynamical operator on a Universal Invariant Set.

By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping.

By the many-worlds interpretation of quantum physics, the quantum randomization spawns ( where N is the number of random bits ) universes and one of these will be such that this single shuffle had produced the list in sorted order.

By 1928 Dirac deduced his equation from the first successful unified combination of special relativity and quantum mechanics to the electron-the Dirac equation.

By contrast, if the detector sees photons emitted directly from a ( hot ) glowing gas, then the detector often sees photons emitted in a narrow frequency range by quantum emission processes in atoms in the gas, and this results in an emission line.

By the Pauli exclusion principle, no quantum state can be occupied by more than one fermion with an identical set of quantum numbers.

By using these phosphorescent materials, both singlet and triplet excitons will be able to decay radiatively, hence improving the internal quantum efficiency of the device compared to a standard PLED where only the singlet states will contribute to emission of light.

By doing so, it is possible to handle certain systems, such as aspects of quantum mechanics, that would otherwise be even more complicated.

By Jaynes ' reasoning, if the particles are experimentally indistinguishable for whatever reason, Gibbs paradox is resolved, and quantum mechanics only provides an assurance that in the quantum realm, this indistinguishability will be true as a matter of principle, rather than being due to an insufficiently refined experimental capability.

By analytic continuation of the correlation functions of a quantum field theory, the time coordinate may become imaginary, and then boosts become rotations.

By contrast, if the detector sees photons emitted directly from a glowing gas, then the detector often sees photons emitted in a narrow frequency range by quantum emission processes in atoms in the hot gas, resulting in an emission line.

By taking quantum physics into account, the gravastar hypothesis attempts to resolve contradictions caused by conventional black hole theories.

By introducing the quantum defect d as an empirical parameter, the energy levels of a generic atom were well approximated by the formula, in the sense that one could reproduce fairly well the observed transitions levels observed in the X-ray region ( for example, see the empirical discussion and derivation in Moseley's law ).

By applying small voltages to the leads, the flow of electrons through the quantum dot can be controlled and thereby precise measurements of the spin and other properties therein can be made.

By giving the atom additional energy ( for example, by the absorption of a photon of an appropriate energy ), the electron is able to move into an excited state ( one with one or more quantum numbers greater than the minimum possible ).

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

By the summer of 1944 the reversal of fortune was complete and Operation Bagration saw Soviet forces inflict crushing defeats on Germany through the aggressive use of armour, infantry and air power in combined strategic assault, known as deep operations.

By the early 1920s, unit operations became an important aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London.

By the 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone was insufficient in developing chemical reactors.

By 1994, only its operations in Germany and the United Kingdom were still profitable.

By 1939 Nissan's operations had moved to Manchuria, then under Japanese occupation, where its founder and President, Yoshisuke Ayukawa, established the Manchurian Motor Company to manufacture military trucks.

By 1951, 87 subroutines in the following categories were available for general use: floating point arithmetic ; arithmetic operations on complex numbers ; checking ; division ; exponentiation ; routines relating to functions ; differential equations ; special functions ; power series ; logarithms ; miscellaneous ; print and layout ; quadrature ; read ( input ); nth root ; trigonometric functions ; counting operations ( simulating repeat until loops, while loops and for loops ); vectors ; and matrices.

* By the convolution theorem, Fourier transforms turn the complicated convolution operation into simple multiplication, which means that they provide an efficient way to compute convolution-based operations such as polynomial multiplication and multiplying large numbers.

By 1985 the privatised British Telecom had inherited the telephone operations of the GPO, including those on the Isle of Man.

By 1980 the firm had operations in southern Africa, Australia, China, Great Britain, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, as well as the United States, and employed 37, 000 people.

By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining interests, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust ( RST ); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines ( NCCM ) and Roan Consolidated Mines ( RCM ), respectively.

By using discrete unit-volume droplets, a microfluidic function can be reduced to a set of repeated basic operations, i. e., moving one unit of fluid over one unit of

By 1208, the Germans were strong enough to begin operations against the Estonians, who were at that time divided into eight major and several smaller counties led by elders with limited co-operation between them.

By using this arrangement, many common operations can be implemented by uniformly applying the same operation to each pixel independently.

By early 1907 major drilling operations began, roads and other infrastructure were built.

By the summer of 2000, the European theater of operations had been fought to a near stalemate.

By the end of the decade, two thirds of UNCHR's budget was focused on operations in Africa and in just one decade, the organization's focus had shifted from an almost exclusive focus on Europe.

By January 1970, Zambia had acquired majority holding in the Zambian operations of the two major foreign mining corporations, the Anglo American Corporation and the Rhodesia Selection Trust ( RST ); the two became the Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines ( NCCM ) and Roan Consolidated Mines ( RCM ), respectively.

By the end of the operation, 3 million tons of bombs are dropped on Laos, slowing but not seriously disrupting trail operations.

By 2007, the integration of Alderwoods's locations and operations was complete.

By 1988, the U. S. Department of Defense ( DoD ) issued Instruction 4630. 8 ( reissued in 1992, 2002, 2004 ) stating its policy that “ all forces for joint and combined operations be supported through compatible, interoperable, and integrated Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence systems.

By 1625, van Dyk was recognized by the Dutch West India Company as the private " Patron " of Tortola, and had moved his operations to Road Town.

By mid-July, the Washington Post reported that Perot's campaign managers were becoming increasingly disillusioned by his unwillingness to follow their advice to be more specific on issues, and his need to be in full control of operations with such tactics as forcing volunteers to sign loyalty oaths.