By reputation, at least, Bodin was cited as an unbeliever, deist or atheist by Christian writers who associated him with perceived free-thinking and sceptical tradition of Machiavelli and Pietro Pomponazzi, Lucilio Vanini, Thomas Hobbes and Baruch Spinoza: Pierre-Daniel Huet, Nathaniel Falck, Claude-François Houtteville.

By then the leading theorist in the field was Thomas Hobbes, whose De Corpore Politico, De Cive ( first edition ), and Leviathan, had systematised a coherent and secular defence of the contract as between ruler and ruled.

By contrast, in an inquisitiorial system, the fact that the defendant has confessed is merely one more fact that is entered into evidence, and a confession by the defendant does not remove the requirement that the prosecution present a full case.

By definition it does not cover problems whose solution are unknown or have not been characterised formally.

# Obviously Transcendent: By depending on the perfection of wisdom, bodhisattva does not abide in either

By contrast, evidence based on the textual differences between the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text has been used to argue that the context of the MT truly does depict a historical Jeremiah.

Taylor & Taylor ( 1995: 124 ) concluded, " By and large, Pinyin represents the Chinese sounds better than the Wade-Giles system, and does so with fewer extra marks.

By the autumn of 1559 several foreign suitors were vying for Elizabeth's hand ; their impatient envoys engaged in ever more scandalous talk and reported that a marriage with her favourite was not welcome in England: " There is not a man who does not cry out on him and her with indignation ... she will marry none but the favoured Robert ".

By encouraging clarity on the active subject that " does " or wants or believes something, and disallowing passive constructions about the state of affairs ( a common use of " to be "), E-Prime makes it more difficult to hide assumptions in statements about The Other or equivalent constructions such as " they " or " most people " or " the public " or " the taxpayer ".

By contrast, theology does assert high value for some unquestioned and eternal past-to-future equivalences.

He notes, " By how much does the solar year exceed the lunar year?

The judge in the Dover trial wrote " By defining irreducible complexity in the way that he has, Professor Behe attempts to exclude the phenomenon of exaptation by definitional fiat, ignoring as he does so abundant evidence which refutes his argument.

* " By defining irreducible complexity in the way that he has, Professor Behe attempts to exclude the phenomenon of exaptation by definitional fiat, ignoring as he does so abundant evidence which refutes his argument.

" Musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez summarizes the relativist, post-modern viewpoint: " The border between music and noise is always culturally defined — which implies that, even within a single society, this border does not always pass through the same place ; in short, there is rarely a consensus ... By all accounts there is no single and intercultural universal concept defining what music might be.

By the second edition of PM, Russell had removed his axiom of reducibility to a new axiom ( although he does not state it as such ).

By Robert Graves's definition, a religion's traditional stories are " myths " if and only if one does not belong to the religion in question.

By itself, it is not protected in the United States of America, where use of the name " Roget " in the title of a thesaurus does not necessarily indicate any relationship to Dr. Roget ; it has come to be seen as a generic thesaurus name, like " Webster " for dictionaries.

By contrast, the cut-and-paste transposition mechanism of class II TEs does not involve an RNA intermediate.

By applying sprezzatura to his speech and everything else he does, the courtier appears to have grazia and impresses his audience, thereby achieving excellence and perfection.

By convention, the term vitamin does not include other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids, or essential amino acids ( which are needed in larger amounts than vitamins ), nor does it encompass the large number of other nutrients that promote health but are otherwise required less often.

By contrast, Buddhism does not encourage or discourage marriage, although it does teach how one might live a happily married life and emphasizes that marital vows are not to be taken lightly.

By design, any RIFF file can legally include additional chunks of data, each identified by a four-character code ; software which does not understand that particular code should skip the chunk.

By itself, hop count is not a useful metric for determining the optimum network path, as it does not take into consideration the speed, load, reliability, or latency of any particular hop, but merely the total count.

By taking the derivative of the optical path length, the stationary point is found giving the path taken by the light ( though it should be noted that the result does not show light taking the least time path, but rather one that is stationary with respect to small variations as there are cases where light actually takes the greatest time path, as in a spherical mirror ).

* By quietude alone one does not become a sage ( muni ) if he is foolish and ignorant.

By monitoring, we mean some system of control over the types of information sent from the various centers.

By personal factors I mean those rooted in personality structure.

By extension, it can mean an underworld abode of lost souls, or hell.

By measuring the mean squared displacement over a time interval along with the universal gas constant, the temperature, the viscosity, and the particle radius, Avogadro's number can be determined.

By the Victorian era, ballad had come to mean any sentimental popular song, especially so-called " royalty ballads ", which publishers would pay popular singers to perform in Britain and the United States in " ballad concerts.

By comparing Arithmetic and Geometric mean of numbers

By cultism we mean the adherence to doctrines which are pointedly contradictory to orthodox Christianity and which yet claim the distinction of either tracing their origin to orthodox sources or of being in essential harmony with those sources.

By extension, the word for carrying or drawing a beer came to mean the serving of the beer and, in some senses, the act of drinking, or a drink of beer itself, regardless of serving method.

By the time Bramah's beer pumps became popular, the use of the word draught to mean the act of serving beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps.

By " satisfactory " one would mean at least the equivalent of Plancherel theorem.

By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path ( a course ), forming symmetric loops ( also called bights ) symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn.

By " open access " to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.

By the mid-15th century the term lollard had come to mean a heretic in general.

By metaphoric extension, the term " movable feast " was used by Ernest Hemingway to mean the memory of a splendid place that continues to go with the moving traveler for the rest of life, after he has had the experience of it and gone away.

By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context.

( By arithmetic he meant, in part, theorising on number, rather than what arithmetic or number theory have come to mean.

By comparing the photographic plates of the Pleiades cluster taken in 1918 with images taken in 1943, van Maanen was able to identify those stars that had a proper motion similar to the mean motion of the cluster, and were therefore more likely to be members.

By contrast, the central and southern parts of Guangdong province experience an average January temperature of above, while the July mean is generally above.

By the time of Christ, the Greco-Roman world had started to use the term " myth " ( Greek muthos ) to mean " fable, fiction, lie "; as a result, the early Christian theologians used " myth " in this sense.

By inter-religious pluralism, we mean the views held within one major faith tradition ( e. g., Christianity ) about the validity or truth of other major faith traditions ( e. g., Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, etc .).

By synecdoche the term " Sabbath " in the New Testament may also mean simply a " se ' nnight " or seven-day week, namely, the interval between two Sabbaths.

By extension the term self-determination has come to mean the free choice of one's own acts without external compulsion.

By objects, Wittgenstein did not mean physical objects in the world, but the absolute base of logical analysis, that can be combined but not divided ( TLP 2. 02 – 2. 0201 ).

By extension, " onshore trust " has come to mean any trust resident in a high-tax jurisdiction.

By this I mean the principle that, in deciding what is good and what is bad for a given individual, the ultimate criterion can only be his own wants and his own preferences .”