His friend argues that, though it is possible to trace a cause from an effect, it is not possible to infer unseen effects from a cause thus traced.

Most commentators see Lamentations as reflecting the period immediately following the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC, though Provan argues for an interpretation that is ahistorical.

Anthropologist Dean Snow stated that though Franklin's Albany Plan may have drawn some inspiration from the Iroquois League, there is little evidence that either the Plan or the Constitution drew substantially from this source and argues that "... such claims muddle and denigrate the subtle and remarkable features of Iroquois government.

He argues in favor of a society organized around a market order, in which the apparatus of state is employed almost ( though not entirely ) exclusively to enforce the legal order ( consisting of abstract rules, and not particular commands ) necessary for a market of free individuals to function.

Sri Ram Sharma argues though that contemporaries and some historians have been too disparaging about Jahangir's beliefs, simply because he did not persecute non-believers and enforce his views on others.

Hence, in The Sophist Plato argues that Being is a Form in which all existent things participate and which they have in common ( though it is unclear whether ' Being ' is intended in the sense of existence, copula, or identity ); and argues, against Parmenides, that Forms must exist not only of Being, but also of Negation and of non-Being ( or Difference ).

* Communism argues that only collective ownership of the means of production through a polity ( though not necessarily a state ) will assure the minimization of unequal or unjust outcomes and the maximization of benefits, and that therefore private ownership of capital should be abolished.

Franks argues that by keeping the ships at sea the Iraqis were deceived into believing a U. S. attack was yet to come from the north through Turkey, though Colin Powell and others have questioned his view ( Plan of Attack, Bob Woodward, 2004 ).

In Satisficing Consequentialism Michael Slote argues for a form of utilitarianism where “ an act might qualify as morally right through having good enough consequences, even though better consequences could have been produced .” One advantage of such a system is that it would be able to accommodate the notion of supererogatory actions.

Despite arguments that realism cannot be achieved in reality shows because the outcomes may or may not have been scripted, Geoff King argues in his book, Spectacle of the Real: From Hollywood to Reality TV and Beyond that even though the contestants are in a fabricated setting and the situation has been set up for a certain outcome, as in real love shows such as The Bachelor and The Bachelorette, these contestants still harbor feelings that make their participation in the show real to them.

Simon Wiesenthal argues that “ the Holocaust transcended the confines of Jewish community and that there were other victims .” In the mid-1970s new discourses emerged that challenged the exclusivity of the Jewish genocide within the Holocaust, though not without great resistance.

" Labeled by his friends a Deist, Allen accepted the notion of a divine being, though throughout Reason he argues that even a divine being must be circumscribed by logic.

This view is contrasted by moral universalism, which argues that, even though people disagree, and some may even be unpersuadable ( e. g. someone who is closed-minded ), there is still a meaningful sense in which an action may be more ' moral ' than another ; that is, they believe there are objective standards of evaluation that seem worth calling ' moral facts ' - regardless of whether they are universally accepted.

* Demosthenes, though condemning the terms of the Peace of Philocrates, argues that it has to be honoured.

It is possible that B and C are both true, but in this case he argues that a jury should acquit, even though they know that they will be letting some guilty people go free.

Hegel himself, however, in his seminal " The Phenomenology of Spirit " argues for a more complicated theory of tragedy, with two complementary branches which, though driven by a single dialectical principle, differentiate Greek tragedy from that which follows Shakespeare.

Thus, E-Language is not itself a coherent concept, and Chomsky argues that such notions of language are not useful in the study of innate linguistic knowledge, i. e., competence, even though they may seem sensible and intuitive, and useful in other areas of study.

Even though the Chasidim consent, Judas Maccabeus argues for full political as well as religious freedom.

Oliver argues that in the speech, there is no clear evidence of either seriousness or irony but instead " this lecture by Kate on the wife's duty to submit is the only fitting climax to the farce – and for that very reason it cannot logically be taken seriously, orthodox though the views expressed may be [...] attempting to take the last scene as a continuation of the realistic portrayal of character leads some modern producers to have it played as a kind of private joke between Petruchio and Kate – or even have Petruchio imply that by now he is thoroughly ashamed of himself.

McGeorge Bundy argues that the prospects for a domino effect, though high in the 1950s and early 1960s, were weakened in 1965 when the Indonesian communist party was destroyed.

At each step, the Tortoise argues that even though he accepts all the premises that have been written down, there is some further premise ( that if all of ( 1 )–( n ) are true, then ( Z ) must be true ) that it still needs to accept before it is compelled to accept that ( Z ) is true.

Tintin's old nemesis and the mastermind of the plot in the book is the evil Rastapopoulos, who Frey argues is an example of anti-Semitic caricature, though other writers argue against this, pointing out that Rastapopoulos is not Jewish ( his drugged ramblings about the past of his family mentioning Erzurum and his surname make him likely a Turk of Greek ethnicity ), and surrounds himself with explicitly German-looking characters: Kurt, the submarine commander of The Red Sea Sharks, Doctor Krollspell, whom Hergé himself referred to as a former concentration camp official and Hans Boehm, the sinister-looking navigator and co-pilot, both from Flight 714.

" Stephens argues that this makes up the essence of Xander's character ; though powerless, he is always both loyal and brave.

Malraux argues that, while art has sometimes been oriented towards beauty and the sublime ( principally in post-Renaissance European art ) these qualities, as the wider history of art demonstrates, are by no means essential to it.

" The historian Benedicta Ward argues that these passages are Bede employing a rhetorical device.

Hoschander argues that these were not deities as Strabo supposed but garbled forms of " Haman " and " Hamedatha " who were being worshipped as martyrs.

Davis argues these rifts were so deep and lasting that neither Germany nor Italy were able to form a cohesive nation state until the nineteenth century.

" Clay Witt, a minister in the Metropolitan Community Church, explains how theologians and commentators like John Shelby Spong, George Edwards and Michael England interpret injunctions against certain sexual acts as being originally intended as a means of distinguishing religious worship between Abrahamic and the surrounding pagan faiths, within which homosexual acts featured as part of idolatrous religious practices: " England argues that these prohibitions should be seen as being directed against sexual practices of fertility cult worship.

Sociologist Richard N. Pitt argues that these organizations are only available to LGBT members of liberal denominations, as opposed to those in conservative denominations.

The traditional staples thesis, advocated by scholars such as S. A. Saunders, looks at the resource endowments of the Maritimes and argues that it was the decline of the traditional industries of shipbuilding and fishing that led to Maritime poverty, since these processes were rooted in geography, and thus all but inevitable.

As Olwen Hufton argues, these women began to see themselves as the “ defenders of faith ”.

Bart Ehrman argues that there are differences in the composition of the Greek within the Gospel, such as breaks and inconsistencies in sequence, repetitions in the discourse, as well as passages that he believes clearly do not belong to their context, and believes that these suggest redaction.

Al-Hassan argues that these are based on earlier originals and that they report hand-held cannons being used by the Mamluks at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.

Over the next three decades, Jensen argues, these values shaped the outlook of Francisco Franco and other Falangists.

In a collection of his works by Kenneth Hart entitled Jewish Philosophy and the Crisis of Modernity, he argues that both Islam, traditional Judaism, and ancient Greece, share mechanisms that make these traditions more resistant to historicism, and therefore to tyranny.

Free Software Foundation founder Richard Stallman argues that, although the term intellectual property is in wide use, it should be rejected altogether, because it " systematically distorts and confuses these issues, and its use was and is promoted by those who gain from this confusion.

Rushton argues that East Asians and their descendants average a larger brain size, greater intelligence, more sexual restraint, slower rates of maturation, and greater law abidingness and social organization than do Europeans and their descendants, who average higher scores on these dimensions than Africans and their descendants.

To the extent that an institutional system of social control falls short of these requirements, Fuller argues, we are less inclined to recognise it as a system of law, or to give it our respect.

In the General Possibility Theorem, Kenneth Arrow argues that if a legislative consensus can be reached through a simple majority, then minimum conditions must be satisfied, and these conditions must provide a superior ranking to any subset of alternative votes ( Arrow 1963 ).

# Socrates then argues, and the interlocutor agrees, that these further premises imply the contrary of the original thesis, in this case it leads to: " courage is not endurance of the soul ".

He admits that he does not know if these are correct, but argues that " the list demonstrates that one can accept the new empirical findings and still be a card-carrying economist.

Drexler argues that we may need to wait until our conventional nanotechnology improves before solving these issues: " Molecular manufacturing will result from a series of advances in molecular machine systems, much as the first Moon landing resulted from a series of advances in liquid-fuel rocket systems.

In a different context, Long argues, these discrepancies would probably be considered minor, but given the extraordinary claims made by Patterson and Gimlin, any apparent disagreements in perception or memory are worth noting.

" Similarly, Krantz argues that of the many opinions offered about the Patterson film, " nly a few of these opinions are based on technical expertise and careful study of the film itself "

She argues that they undertook their research using a novel and previously untested methodology in order to confirm a predetermined theory about the age of these structures.

Once these religious elements are removed, Richards argues that it is clear " the whole episode was political in nature.

It appears that these are associated with Pictish kings, which argues for a considerable degree of royal patronage and control of the church.