In former times, it was customary to have a portrait in Confucius Temples ; however, during the reign of Hongwu Emperor ( Taizu ) of the Ming dynasty it was decided that the only proper portrait of Confucius should be in the temple in his hometown, Qufu.

* 960 – The coronation of Zhao Kuangyin as Emperor Taizu of Song, initiating the Song Dynasty period of China that would last more than three centuries.

* Emperor Taizu of Song, founder of the Chinese Song Dynasty ( lived March 21, 927 – November 14, 976, reigned 960 – 976 )

* Guo Wei, also known as Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou

* November 14 – Emperor Taizu of Song China

* Emperor Taizu of Liao leads another campaign to the west, reaching the former Uyghur capital on the Orkhon River.

* March 17 – Zhao Kuangyin, posthumously known as Emperor Taizu of Song

* June 30 – Guo Wei, posthumously known as Emperor Taizu of Later Zhou

* Emperor Taizu of Song China conquers Hunan Province.

Emperor Taizu of Song ( r. 960 – 976 ), a court portrait painting

The Hongwu Emperor (; 21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398 ) — known variably by his given name Zhu Yuanzhang () and by his temple name Taizu of Ming () — was the founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China.

* Taizu Chang Quan — Emperor Taizu's long fist ( this refers particularly to the military commander who, using his technique in his armies, became the first Song emperor )

In 2006, a 40-episodes wuxia TV series named ' Li Hou Zhu yu Zhao Kuang Yin ' or ' Li Hou Zhu and Zhao Kuang Yin ' was made, with main stars Nicky Wu ( as Li Houzhu ), Huang Wen Hao ( as Emperor Taizu of Song ) and Liu Tao ( as Empress Zhou, wife of Li Houzhu ).

According to half historian and half writer Jin Yong, Hong Taiji had the broad and wise views of Qin Shi Huang, Emperor Gaozu of Han, Emperor Guangwu of Han, Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor Taizu of Song, Kublai Khan, the Hongwu Emperor, and the Yongle Emperor.

Emperor Taizu of Song ordered Lu Duosun and a team of cartographers and scholars in 971 to initiate the compilation of a huge atlas and nationwide gazetteer that covered the whole of China proper, which comprised approximately 1, 200 counties and 300 prefectures.

In this, he was matched perhaps only by Emperor Taizu of Song ( Zhao Kuangyin ).

Emperor Taizu was successful in nearly completing the incorporation of the southern kingdoms into the Song Dynasty by his death in 976.

The armies of Emperor Taizu of Song had a large pontoon bridge built across the Yangtze River in 974 in order to secure supply lines during the Song Dynasty's conquest of the Southern Tang.

* 1085 – Emperor Shenzong of Song ( b. 1048 )

Furthermore, China's first permanent standing navy was assembled and provided an admiral's office at Dinghai in 1132, under the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song.

In 1055, Emperor Renzong of Song first bestowed the title of " Duke Yansheng " on Kong Zongyuan of the 46th generation.

Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered Sima Guang and other scholars to begin compiling this universal history of China in 1065 and they presented it to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1084.

The oldest confirmed written mention of dominoes in China comes from the Former Events in Wulin ( i. e. the capital Hangzhou ) written by the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ) author Zhou Mi ( 1232 – 1298 ), who listed " pupai " ( gambling plaques or dominoes ) as well as dice as items sold by peddlers during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song ( r. 1162 – 1189 ).

According to the Nihon Shoki, Emperor Kimmei received a bronze statue of Buddha as a gift from the king of Paekche King Song Myong ( 聖明王, Seimei Ō ) along with a significant envoy of artisans, monks, and other artifacts in 552.

Image: Meister nach Chang Hsüan 001. jpg | Ladies making silk, a remake of an 8th-century original by Zhang Xuan by Emperor Huizong of Song, early 12th century, Chinese

File: Shenzong of Song. jpg | Court portrait of Emperor Shenzong of Song ( r. 1067-1085 ), Chinese

Image: Songhuizong4. jpg | Golden Pheasant and Cotton Rose, by Emperor Huizong of Song ( r. 1100-1126 AD ), Chinese

Image: Songhuizong8. jpg | Listening to the Guqin, by Emperor Huizong of Song ( 1100-1126 AD ), Chinese

During the Chinese Song Dynasty ( 960-1279 AD ), not only landscape art was improved upon, but portrait painting became more standardized and sophisticated than before ( for example, refer to Emperor Huizong of Song ), and reached its classical age maturity during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368-1644 AD ).

* 1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song.

* 1107 – Emperor Gaozong of Song ( d. 1187 )

* 1127 – Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin Dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing ( Kaifeng ), the capital of the Song Dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong and others, ending the Northern Song Dynasty.

* 1010 – Emperor Renzong of Song ( d. 1063 )

* 1100 – Emperor Qinzong of Song ( d. 1161 )

A bas-relief of a soldier and horse with saddle and stirrup s, from the tomb of Chinese Emperor Taizong of Tang ( r. 626-649 ), c. 650

Emperor Wu of Han ( r. 141 BC-87 BC ) went to war with the Dayuan for this reason, since the Dayuan were hording a massive amount of tall, strong, Central Asian bred horses in the Hellenized – Greek region of Fergana ( established slightly earlier by Alexander the Great ).

Augustus, the first Emperor ( r. 27 BC – AD 14 ), had nominally shared power with his colleagues, and more formal offices of co-Emperor had existed from Marcus Aurelius ( r. 161 – 80 ) on.

He sought to identify himself with the warlike kings Ardashir ( r. 226 – 41 ) and Shapur ( r. 241 – 72 ), the same Shapur who had sacked Roman Antioch and skinned the Emperor Valerian ( r. 253 – 260 ) to decorate his war temple.

The first foot-sensor-activated automatic door was made in China during the reign of Emperor Yang of Sui ( r. 604 – 618 ), who had one installed for his royal library.

The Italian possession of maritime areas previously claimed by Abyssinia / Ethiopia was formalized in 1889 with the signing of the Treaty of Wuchale with Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia ( r. 1889 – 1913 ) after the defeat of Italy by Ethiopia at the battle of Adua where Italy launched an effort to expand its possessions from Eritrea into the more fertile Abyssinian hinterland.

In naval warfare, the fleet of the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I ( r. 491 – 518 ) is recorded by the chronicler John Malalas as having utilized a sulphur-based mixture to defeat the revolt of Vitalian in AD 515, following the advice of a philosopher from Athens called Proclus.

The Emperor Constantine Porphyrogennetos ( r. 945 – 959 ), in his book De Administrando Imperio, admonishes his son and heir, Romanos II ( r. 959 – 963 ), to never reveal the secrets of its construction, as it was " shown and revealed by an angel to the great and holy first Christian emperor Constantine " and that the angel bound him " not to prepare this fire but for Christians, and only in the imperial city ".

This also renewed the conflict with the Eastern Emperor in Constantinople, especially after Otto's son Otto II ( r. 967 – 83 ) adopted the designation imperator Romanorum.

Thus, most knowledge of Roman Britain has derived from archaeological investigations, and the epigraphic evidence lauding the Britannic achievements of an Emperor of Rome, such as Hadrian ( r. 117 – 38 ) and Antoninus Pius ( r. 138 – 61 ), whose walls demarcated the northern borders of Roman Britain.

* Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor ( Frederick III of Swabia )( r. 1147-1152 ) King in 1152 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1155

* Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ( r. 1212-1216 ) King in 1212 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1220

The laws ( novellae ) of the Emperor Justinian I ( r. 527 – 565 ) treat Hesychast and anchorite as synonyms, making them interchangeable terms.

Inoculation was reportedly not widely practised in China until the reign of the Longqing Emperor ( r. 1567 – 1572 ) during the Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 ), as written by Yu Tianchi in his Shadou jijie ( 痧痘集解 ) of 1727, which he alleges was based on Wang Zhangren's Douzhen jinjing lu ( 痘疹金鏡錄 ) of 1579.

The Emperor Diocletian ( r. 284 – 305 ) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286 ; however, the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.