Professor McNeill thinks that at Yalta, Stalin did not fully realize the dilemma which faced him, that he thought the exclusion of the anti-Soviet voters from East European elections would not be greatly resented by his allies, while neither Roosevelt nor Churchill frankly faced `` the fact that, in Poland at least, genuinely free democratic elections would return governments unfriendly to Russia '', by any definition of international friendliness.

Later on, when he became king in 1509, Henry VIII is supposed to have commissioned an English translation of a Life of Henry V so that he could emulate him, on the grounds that he thought that launching a campaign against France would help him to impose himself on the European stage.

Steiner was one of the first European philosophers to overcome the subject-object split in Western thought.

It is thought that such works had considerable importance on European thinkers of the period, particularly among the Deists and other philosophical groups of the Enlightenment who were interested by the integration of the system of morality of Confucius into Western civilization.

Conservative thought developed alongside nationalism in Germany, culminating in Germany's victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War, the creation of the unified German Empire in 1871, and the simultaneous rise of Otto von Bismarck on the European political stage.

In particular, the ideas of Confucius, translated into European languages by the Jesuits stationed in China, are thought to have had considerable influence on the deists and other philosophical groups of the Enlightenment who were interested by the integration of the system of morality of Confucius into Christianity.

Pseudodoxia Epidemica found itself upon the bookshelves of many educated European readers for throughout the late 17th century and early 18th century it was translated, for many years it was not thought compatible with the French and Dutcheze, into the French, Dutch and German languages as well as Latin.

There can be considered to be two different types of Eurosceptic thought, which differ in the extent to which adherents reject European integration and in their reasons for doing so.

During the Renaissance, two European schools of pyrotechnic thought emerged, one in Italy and the other at Nuremberg, Germany.

Kant's work contained basic tensions that would continue to shape German thought – and indeed all of European philosophy – well into the 20th century.

European thought in the eighteenth century: From Montesquieu to Lessing ( 1965 )

After spending some time with Jay discussing the treaty, Adams wrote home to his father, in support of the emerging treaty because he thought America should stay out of European affairs.

He commanded the largest army, and ruled the largest and most wealthy kingdom of Europe, a kingdom which was the European centre of arts and intellectual thought ( La Sorbonne ) at the time.

Ancient Romans such as Pliny ( N. H. 5. 10 ) thought that the river near Timbuktu was part of the Nile River, a belief also held by Ibn Battuta, while early European explorers thought that it flowed west and joined the Senegal River.

Gianni Vattimo points at a back and forth movement in European thought, between Nietzsche and Heidegger.

: a.: For example, writing in his introduction to Sun Tzu's Art of War, B. H. Liddell Hart stated that " Civilization might have been spared much of the damage suffered in the world wars of this century if the influence of Clausewitz's monumental tome On War, which molded European military thought in the era preceding the First World War, had been blended with and balanced by a knowledge of Sun Tzu's exposition on The Art of War.

Aquinas's use of them set the agenda, for scholastic political philosophy dominated European thought for centuries even unto the Renaissance.

Aflaq and al-Arsuzi were key figures in the establishment of the Arab Ba ’ ath ( Renaissance ) Party, and the former was for long its chief ideologist, combining elements of Marxist thought with a nationalism to a considerable extent reminiscent of nineteenth-century European romantic nationalism.

The introduction of Arab scholarship from European relations with the Muslim empire ( in particular Al-Andalus ) renewed interest in Aristotle and Classical thought in general, leading to what some historians call the 12th century renaissance.

Historians of European witchcraft have found the anthropological definition difficult to apply to European and British witchcraft, where " witches " could equally use ( or be accused of using ) physical techniques, as well as some who really had attempted to cause harm by thought alone.

For many critics and theorists, the most engaging aspects of Gombrowicz ’ s work are the connections with European thought in the second half of the 20th century, which links him with the intellectual heritage of Michel Foucault, Roland Barthes, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Lacan, and Jean-Paul Sartre.

The Medieval Warm Period ( MWP ) is generally thought to have occurred from about AD 950 – 1250, during the European Middle Ages.

Back and breast plates continued to be used throughout the entire period of the 18th century and through Napoleonic times, in many European ( heavy ) cavalry units, until the early 20th century.

By the 18th century an increasing number of new plants had arrived in Europe from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide and a larger number of plants became available for study.

The privateer-turned-pirate Henry Jennings and his followers decided, early in the 18th century, to use the then uninhabited island of New Providence as a base for their operations ; it was within easy reach of the Florida Strait and its busy shipping lanes, which were filled with European vessels crossing the Atlantic.

Although European explorers and traders visited the area since the 18th century, permanent white communities were not established until some time later.

The development of strong administrative structures, in particular those related to extraction of taxes, is closely associated with the intense warfare between predatory European states in the 17th and 18th centuries, or in Charles Tilly's famous formulation: " War made the state and the state made war ".

Crannogs were used as dwellings over five millennia from the European Neolithic Period, to as late as the 17th / early 18th century although in Scotland, convincing evidence for Early and Middle Bronze Age or Norse Period use is not currently present in the archaeological record.

The growing English colonies along the American seaboard to the south and various European wars between England and France during the 17th and 18th centuries brought Acadia to the centre of world-scale geopolitical forces.

Dragoon regiments were established in most European armies during the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

the intellectual thriving period in America in the mid-to-late 18th century ( 1715 – 1789 ), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other hand.

* Haskalah, Jewish Enlightenment, movement among European Jews in the late 18th century

For common soldiers who could not afford mail or plate armour, the gambeson, combined with a helmet as the only additional protection, remained a common sight on European battlefields during the entire Middle Ages, and its decline-paralleling that of plate armour-came only with the Renaissance, as the use of firearms became more widespread, until by the 18th century it was no longer in military use.

North Atlantic populations were extirpated ( perhaps by whaling ) on the European coast before 500 AD and on the American coast around the late 17th to early 18th centuries.

Later, in modern history ( 18th and 19th centuries ), many Islamic regions fell under the influence of European Great powers.

As West European economic growth accelerated during the Industrial Revolution, sea trade and colonialism which had begun in the second half of the 18th century, Russia began to lag ever farther behind, creating new problems for the empire as a great power.

Over half of all European immigrants to Colonial America during the 17th and 18th centuries arrived as indentured servants.

Before the 18th century the Kalevala poetry was common throughout Finland and Karelia but in the 18th century it began to disappear in Finland, first in western Finland, because European rhymed poetry became more common in Finland.

The first European to visit Kabul was the 18th century English traveller George Foster, who described it as " the best and cleanest city in Asia ".

Throughout the later half of the 18th century, Louisiana was a pawn on the chessboard of European politics.

It is interesting to note, however, that mutualist anarchism has its origins in 18th and 19th century European socialism ( such as Fourierian socialism ) while communist and syndicalist anarchism has its earliest origins in early 18th century liberalism ( such as the French Revolution ).

Many European sailors were shipwrecked on the coasts of the island, among them Robert Drury, whose journal is one of the few written depictions of life in southern Madagascar during the 18th century.

As Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements survived.

The fascine knife is a somewhat similar tool / weapon used by European armies throughout the late 18th to early 20th centuries.