Existentialism is a term applied to the work of a number of 19th-and 20th-century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, generally held that the focus of philosophical thought should be to deal with the conditions of existence of the individual person and his or her emotions, actions, responsibilities, and thoughts.

Neo-Marxism is a loose term for various twentieth-century approaches that amend or extend Marxism and Marxist theory, usually by incorporating elements from other intellectual traditions, such as: critical theory, psychoanalysis or Existentialism ( in the case of Sartre ).

Existentialism is generally considered to be the philosophical and cultural movement which holds that the starting point of philosophical thinking must be the individual and the experiences of the individual, that moral thinking and scientific thinking together do not suffice to understand human existence, and, therefore, that a further set of categories, governed by the norm of authenticity, is necessary to understand human existence.

Existentialism is a philosophical and cultural movement which holds that the starting point of philosophical thinking must be the individual and the experiences of the individual, that moral thinking and scientific thinking together do not suffice to understand human existence, and, therefore, that a further set of categories, governed by the norm of authenticity, is necessary to understand human existence.

Situated on the left bank of the River Seine, this central arrondissement which includes the historic districts of Saint-Germain-des-Prés ( surrounding the Abbey founded in the 6th century ) and Luxembourg ( surrounding the Palace and its Gardens ) has played a major role throughout Paris history and is well known for its café culture and the revolutionary intellectualism ( see: Existentialism, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir ) and literature ( see: Paul Éluard, Boris Vian, Albert Camus, Françoise Sagan ) it has hosted.

Sartre's second large-scale philosophical treatise, his 1943 work Being and Nothingness having been the first, Critique of Dialectical Reason has been seen as an abandonment of Sartre's original Existentialism.

Finally, there have been many thinkers who have adapted and employed non-Islamic philosophical ideas as part of the normal philosophical process of seeking to understand conceptual problems such as Hegelianism and Existentialism.

Structuralism was a broad philosophical movement that developed particularly in France in the 1950s, partly in response to French Existentialism, but is considered by many to be an exponent of High-Modernism, though its categorization as either a Modernist or Postmodernist trend is contested.

Richard Zaner and Don Ihde, " Phenomenology and Existentialism " ( New York: Putnam 1973 )-Contains many key essays in existential phenomenology.

The Theatre of the Absurd is commonly associated with Existentialism, and Existentialism was an influential philosophy in Paris during the rise of the Theatre of the Absurd ; however, to call it Existentialist theatre is problematic for many reasons.

Many of the Absurdists were contemporaries with Jean-Paul Sartre, the philosophical spokesman for Existentialism in Paris, but few Absurdists actually committed to Sartre's own Existentialist philosophy, as expressed in Being and Nothingness, and many of the Absurdists had a complicated relationship with him.

" Walter Kaufman changed the quote to reflect the Kierkegaardian difference in his book, From Shakespeare to Existentialism ( 1959 ), His relation to philosophy is best expressed by changing one small word in Marx's famous dictum: " The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways: the point, however, is to change "- not " it ," as Marx said, but ourselves.

For here if anywhere in contemporary literature is a major effort to counterbalance Existentialism and restore some of its former lustre to the tarnished image of the species Man, or, as Malraux himself puts it, `` to make men conscious of the grandeur they ignore in themselves ''.

Sartre, popularly understood as misreading Heidegger ( an understanding supported by Heidegger's essay " Letter on Humanism " which responds to Sartre's famous address, " Existentialism is a Humanism "), employs modes of being in an attempt to ground his concept of freedom ontologically by distinguishing between being-in-itself and being-for-itself.

Existentialism is the philosophical and cultural movement which holds that the starting point of philosophical thinking must be the experiences of the individual.

Existentialism began in the mid-19th century as a reaction against the then-dominant systematic philosophies, such as those developed by Hegel and Kant.

Existentialism became popular in the years following World War II and influenced a range of disciplines besides philosophy, including theology, drama, art, literature and psychology.

As Sartre writes in his work Existentialism is a Humanism: "... man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world – and defines himself afterwards.

* Contemporary Philosophy: Studies of Logical Positivism and Existentialism.

Existentialism became fashionable in the post-World War years as a way to reassert the importance of human individuality and freedom.

Sartre's introduction to his philosophy is his work Existentialism is a Humanism ( 1946 ), originally presented as a lecture.

Herbert Marcuse criticized Being and Nothingness for projecting anxiety and meaninglessness onto the nature of existence itself: " Insofar as Existentialism is a philosophical doctrine, it remains an idealistic doctrine: it hypostatizes specific historical conditions of human existence into ontological and metaphysical characteristics.

Existentialism says existence precedes essence.

* Thomas Flynn, Sartre and Marxist Existentialism: The Test Case of Collective Responsibility, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

" Letter on ' Humanism '" is often seen as a direct response to Sartre's 1945 lecture " Existentialism is a Humanism.

As with much else in Existentialism, this is a psychological observation made to pass for logic.

* Jean-Paul Sartre, " Existentialism is a Humanism " in Existentialism From Dostoevsky to Sartre, ed.

Unlike Existentialism, which posits " being " as the fundamental reality, the essentialist ontology must be approached from a metaphysical perspective.

:" Existentialism, like Marxism, addresses itself to experience in order to discover there concrete syntheses.

* A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism.

no sort of pricing at all for any goods or services, and therefore no market in the economic sense of the term.

The use of the term Ásatrú for Germanic heathenism preceding 19th century revivalist movements is therefore an anachronism.

Many anti-globalization activists call for forms of global integration that better provide democratic representation, advancement of human rights, fair trade and sustainable development and therefore feel the term " anti-globalization " is misleading.

Disraeli's term as Prime Minister would therefore be fairly short, unless the Conservatives won the general election.

When, during his discourses, he recounts his experiences as a young aspirant, he regularly uses the phrase " When I was an unenlightened bodhisatta ..." The term therefore connotes a being who is " bound for enlightenment ", in other words, a person whose aim is to become fully enlightened.

Bankruptcy is not the only legal status that an insolvent person or organisation may have, and the term bankruptcy is therefore not the same as insolvency.

One of the first mentions of the term " computational chemistry " can be found in the 1970 book Computers and Their Role in the Physical Sciences by Sidney Fernbach and Abraham Haskell Taub, where they state " It seems, therefore, that ' computational chemistry ' can finally be more and more of a reality.

There is a tendency to use the term in a less strict way, to mean approximately the same thing as " culture " and therefore, the term can more broadly refer to any important and clearly defined human society.

Other major critiques are that the term is not defined well, and employs further terms that are not defined well, and therefore lacks explanatory power, that cultural imperialism is hard to measure, and that the theory of a legacy of colonialism is not always true.

The term disorder is often considered more value-neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms disease or illness, and therefore is preferred terminology in some circumstances.

The term “ far from sources ” refers to how far from the source ( moving at the speed of light ) any portion of the outward-moving EM field is located, by the time that source currents are changed by the varying source potential, and the source has therefore begun to generate an outwardly moving EM field of a different phase.

The term Sileni-especially when juxtaposed with the character of Alcibiades-can therefore be understood as an evocation of the notion that something on the inside is more expressive of a person's character than what one sees on the outside.

In the Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts it is revealed the ancient Egyptians believed Nun ( the Ocean ) was a circular body surrounding nbwt ( a term meaning " dry lands " or " Islands ") and therefore believed in a similar Ancient Near Eastern circular earth cosmography surrounded by water.

The term Germani, therefore, probably applied to a small group of tribes in northeastern Gaul who may or may not have spoken a Germanic language, and whose links to Germania are unclear.

The term " English grammar ", therefore, may have several meanings.

The term tense is therefore at times used in language descriptions to represent any combination of tense proper, aspect, and mood, as many languages include more than one such reference in portmanteau TAM ( tense – aspect – mood ) affixes or verb forms.

Prescription hypnotics ( Benzodiazepines and Nonbenzodiazepines included ) should therefore be taken for the shortest duration of time with the least frequency possible, so as to avoid tolerance, drug dependence, and the adverse effects of long term use.

Braid, therefore, adopted the term " ideo-dynamic ", meaning " by the power of an idea " to explain a broad range of " psycho-physiological " ( mind-body ) phenomena.

Braid extended Carpenter's theory to encompass the influence of the mind upon the body more generally, beyond the muscular system, and therefore referred to the " ideo-dynamic " response and coined the term " psycho-physiology " to refer to the study of general mind / body interaction.

Non-terrestrial sources of energy and materials are mostly a lot further away, but most would not require lifting out of a strong gravity field and therefore should be much cheaper to use in space in the long term.

The term " kickboxing " as used in German-speaking Europe is therefore mostly synonymous with American kickboxing.

That is, the term reduces to itself in a single beta reduction, and therefore reduction will never terminate.

The term " computer game " also includes games which display only text ( and which can therefore theoretically be played on a teletypewriter ) or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device, but there are very few new games in these categories.