Classed as a toy dog breed because of its small size, the Pomeranian is descended from the larger Spitz type dogs, specifically the German Spitz.

It has been determined by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale to be part of the German Spitz breed, and in many countries, they are known as the Zwergspitz ( Dwarf Spitz ).

These dogs are commonly known as the Wolfspitz or Spitz type, which is German for " sharp point " which was the term originally used by Count Eberhard zu Sayn in the 16th Century as a reference to the features of the dog's nose and muzzle.

The Pomeranian is considered to be descended from the German Spitz.

In the standard published in 1998, the Pomeranian is included in the German Spitz standard, along with the Keeshond, by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.

It is thought that the name change was to distinguish it from the German Spitz.

The size varieties may all be placed within one group, as with the German Spitz breed under the Fédération Cynologique Internationale rules, or the smallest varieties of a breed may be placed as a separate breed in the Toy Group or some other group.

These dogs are almost certainly the ancestors of the European spitz-types, such as the German Spitz and Schipperke.

The Keeshond, the Wolfsspitz variation of the German Spitz, widely known as the national dog of the Netherlands, is an affectionate and loyal, albeit very energetic, pet.

Other spitz types which have been bred away from working uses are the American Eskimo Dog, the Alaskan Klee Kai, the German Spitz, the Japanese Spitz, and the Pomeranian.

* German Spitz

German Spitz is used to refer to both a breed of dog and category or type of dog.

Several modern breeds have been developed from the German Spitz, and are either registered as separate breeds or as varieties of German Spitz.

All the German Spitz type dogs are dogs of the Spitz type of German origin.

The Grossespitz, Mittelspitz, and Kleinspitz breeds of German Spitz type are also called the German Spitz in English.

Khrushchev, for all his bombastic prophecies about the inevitable decay of capitalism, is genuinely favorable to `` peaceful coexistence '' and would like, above all, the Berlin and German problems to be settled peacefully ; ;

German words with umlaut would further be alphabetized as if there were no umlaut at all — contrary to Turkish which allegedly adopted the German graphemes ö and ü, and where a word like tüfek, " gun ", would come after tuz, " salt ", in the dictionary.

Much like the relationship between British English and American English, the Austrian and German varieties differ in minor respects ( e. g., spelling, word usage and grammar ) but are recognizably equivalent and largely mutually intelligible.

In the German Evangelical Church the German title of Abt ( abbot ) is sometimes bestowed, like the French abbé, as an honorary distinction, and survives to designate the heads of some monasteries converted at the Reformation into collegiate foundations.

The distinction of a Knight Commander of the Indian Empire was conferred upon him by Queen Victoria in 1897 ( and later Knight Grand Commander in 1902 by Edward VII ) and he received like recognition for his public services from the German Emperor, the Sultan of Turkey, the Shah of Persia and other potentates.

As an example of efforts in recent times, Heidegger ( who himself drew on ancient Greek sources ) adopted German terms like Dasein to articulate the topic.

German haben ( like English have ) in fact comes from PIE * kap, ' to grasp ', and its real cognate in Latin is capere, ' to seize, grasp, capture '.

Influenced like Pound by German social and legal thinkers, Ely in 1903 had ascribed " the coercion of economic forces " in American society " to the unequal strength of those who make a contract.

However as Old Castilian became modern Spanish, the pronunciation of the sh sound changed, and came to be pronounced with a voiceless velar fricative sound like the Scottish or German ch and today the Spanish pronunciation of " Quixote " is.

Historically the umlaut for the Swedish letters ä and ö, like the German umlaut, has developed from a small gothic e written on top of the letters.

Estonian " dotted vowels " ä, ö, ü are similar to German, but these are also distinct letters, not like German umlauted letters.

Charges of a Jewish conspirational element in Germany's defeat drew heavily upon figures like Kurt Eisner, a Berlin-born German Jew who lived in Munich.

Its format is like that of modern travel dictionaries ; i. e., it may have been used by German speakers to communicate with Old Prussians, but the specific circumstances are only speculative.

According to German and Danish folklore, the Erlkönig appears as an omen of death, much like the banshee in Irish mythology.

Unlike in standard German but like Finnish and Swedish ( when followed by ' r '), Ä is pronounced, as in English mat.

German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel noted the effect of airpower: " Anyone who has to fight, even with the most modern weapons, against an enemy in complete command of the air, fights like a savage against modern European troops, under the same handicaps and with the same chances of success.

However, similar words with a different meaning are also quite common ( e. g., German bekommen means " to receive ", not " to become ", and is thus a false friend, which could lead a German English learner to utter an embarrassing sentence like: " I want to become a beefsteak .").

Some like the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason have argued that the Second World War was a direct effect of the German economic system, which made expansionism necessary for domestic prosperity, indeed, survival ; and which made Jingoism necessary for the quelling of class conflicts.

The word gleich in German means alike, equal, or the same ; schaltung means something like switching.

It looked like a 3 – 2 win for England with Hurst as the hero with the winning goal but in the last seconds, as the Germans were pushing everyone forward to seek the equalizer, Moore cleared his lines with a long ball over the German defence.

Many Indo-European languages kept these three genders, like most Slavic languages, Latin, Sanskrit, Greek, and German.

During the 1920's the Abstractionists, the German Bauhaus group of industrial designers, and the new architects all had the dream of some well ordered utopia, or welfare state, in which their neat and logical constructions might find their proper place.

The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been said to have taken nearly all of his political philosophy from Aristotle.

In German, words starting with sch-( constituting the German phoneme ) would be intercalated between words with initial sca-and sci-( all incidentally loanwords ) instead of this graphic cluster appearing after the letter s, as though it were a single letter — a lexicographical policy which would be de rigueur in a dictionary of Albanian, i. e. dh -, ë -, gj -, ll -, rr -, th -, xh-and zh-( all representing phonemes and considered separate single letters ) would follow the letters d, e, g, l, n, r, t, x and z respectively.

He envisaged instruments in which the French late-romantic full-organ sound should work integrally with the English and German romantic reed pipes, and with the classical Alsace Silbermann organ resources and baroque flue pipes, all in registers regulated ( by stops ) to access distinct voices in fugue or counterpoint capable of combination without loss of distinctness: different voices singing together in the same music.

Nero deprived his mother of all honors and powers, and even removed her Roman and German bodyguards.

British, German, Jewish, and other immigrants also settled in Argentina, all bringing their styles of cooking and favorite foods with them.

In all his theoretical works, in order to communicate his theories in the German language, rather than Latin, Dürer used graphic expressions based on a vernacular, craftsmen's language.

In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British, and French zones, excluding those three countries ' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany.

Germany's defeat in World War I, the fall of the German monarchy and the abolition of censorship under the new, liberal Weimar Republic allowed an upsurge of radical experimentation in all the arts, previously suppressed by the old regime.

Prior to the Normandy landings on D-Day in June 1944, the Allies knew the locations of all but two of the 58 German divisions on the Western front.

Grimm traces the etymology of the name to * balþaz, whence Gothic balþs, Old English bald, Old High German pald, all meaning " bold, brave ".

The term " manic-depressive illness " or psychosis was coined by German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in the late nineteenth century, originally referring to all kinds of mood disorder.

At the start of the war, only the German army was thus prepared with all tanks " radio equipped ".

** Between Basel SBB and Basel Badischer Bahnhof – Basel Badischer Bahnhof, and all other railway property and stations on the right bank of the Rhine belong to DB and are classed as German customs territory.

* List of all constellations in 15 languages ( German WP, with interwiki-links to other languages )

However, this term is used in Australia ( Sydney for example ) to describe the regional trains operating beyond the boundaries of the suburban services, even though some of these " inter-city " services stop all stations similar to German regional services.

German Kirche, Scottish kirk, Russian tserkov, etc., are all similarly derived.

For example, consider English starve and Dutch sterven or German sterben (" to die "); these three words all derive from the same Proto-Germanic root, * sterƀ-(" die ").