* 1918 – World War I: The Flight over Vienna mission, when a dozen Italian Servizio Aeronautico single-engined military aircraft drop leaflets over the main capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, demanding that both Austrian hostilities against Italy be ended, and for Austria to end its alliance with the German Empire.

* 1945 – World War II: German troops kill more than 1, 000 political and military prisoners in Gardelegen, Germany.

This included acquaintance with French, English and German, and military drill.

* 1918 – The Battle of Ambos Nogales takes place between U. S. forces and Mexican Carrancistas aided by German military advisors.

During World War II, Bonn acquired military significance because of its strategic location on the Rhine River, which formed a natural barrier to easy penetration into the German heartland from the west.

* 1994: The military parade was opened by Eurocorps, a newly created European army unit including German soldiers.

It was never used in the title of a military doctrine or handbook of the German army or air force.

It seems rarely to have been used in the German military press before 1939.

Recent research conducted at the German military historical

The Reichswehr was influenced by its analysis of pre-war German military thought, in particular the infiltration tactics which at the end of the war had seen some breakthroughs in the Western Front's trench war, and the maneuver warfare which dominated the Eastern Front.

German military history had previously been influenced by Carl von Clausewitz, Alfred von Schlieffen and von Moltke the Elder, who were proponents of maneuver, mass, and envelopment.

Many historians now hold the position that blitzkrieg was not a military theory, and the campaigns conducted by the German military in 1939 to circa, 1942 ( with the exception of Operation Barbarossa ) were improvised invasions put together and modified at the last moment and therefore was not a proper military strategy.

In recent years a large number of writers and historians have come to the conclusion it was not a new form of warfare invented by the German military, but an old method of pursuing decisive battles using new technology.

It was never used in any German military field manual, either in the Army or the Air Force.

Harris also rejects that German military thinking developed any kind of blitzkrieg mentality.

After the war, Albert Speer pointed out that the German economy achieved greater armaments output, not because of diversions of capacity from civilian to military industry, but through streamlining of the economy.

Richard Overy pointed out some 23 percent of German output was military by 1939.

He later developed plans for massive, independent tank operations, which he claimed was subsequently studied by the German military.

The appearance of the aircraft and tank in the First World War, often hailed as a revolution in military affairs ( RMA ), offered the German military a chance to get back to the traditional war of movement as practiced by Moltke the Elder.

Many Boers had German ancestry and many members of the government were themselves former Boer military leaders who had fought with the Maritz rebels against the British in the Second Boer War, which had ended only twelve years earlier.

In military usage in Spanish and German, a casino or kasino is an officers ' mess ; curiously, in Italian-the source-language of the word-a " casino " is either a brothel, a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is called a " casinò ".

In early 1950, the U. S. took its first efforts to oppose communist forces in Vietnam ; planned to form a West German army, and prepared proposals for a peace treaty with Japan that would guarantee long-term U. S. military bases there.

He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine.

During the Second World War, Bletchley Park was the site of the United Kingdom's main decryption establishment, the Government Code and Cypher School ( GC & CS ), where ciphers and codes of several Axis countries were decrypted, most importantly the ciphers generated by the German Enigma and Lorenz machines.

Both of the two German electro-mechanical rotor machines whose signals were decrypted at Bletchley Park, Enigma and the Lorenz Cipher ', were virtually unbreakable if properly used.

A major setback was caused by the German Navy introducing the four-rotor Enigma used for communicating with U-boats.

Bletchley Park is mainly remembered for breaking messages enciphered on the German Enigma cypher machine, but its greatest cryptographic achievement may have been the breaking of the German on-line teleprinter Lorenz cipher ( known at GC & CS as Tunny ).

In 1929 the Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski, who would solve the German Enigma cipher machine in December 1932, began studying actuarial statistics at Göttingen.

Enigma was invented by German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I.

During the Second World War, GCCS was based largely at Bletchley Park in present-day Milton Keynes working on, most famously, the German Enigma machine and Lorenz ciphers, but also a large number of other systems.

The German encryption machine, Enigma, was attacked with the help of electro-mechanical machines called bombes.

Alan Turing in 1940 used similar ideas as part of the statistical analysis of the breaking of the German second world war Enigma ciphers.

Turing's information unit, the ban, was used in the Ultra project, breaking the German Enigma machine code and hastening the end of WWII in Europe.

Under Section IX was The Statistical Research Centre War Office ( a cover name ), mobilised on September 1939 on the outbreak of war at War Station No X Bletchley Park, charged with breaking the German Enigma codes.

On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.

* 1942 – Lt. Tony Fasson, Able Seaman Colin Grazier and canteen assistant Tommy Brown from HMS Petard board U-559, retrieving material which would lead to the decryption of the German Enigma code.

Much of the German cipher traffic was encrypted on the Enigma machine.

Used properly, the German military Enigma would have been virtually unbreakable ; in practice, shortcomings in operation allowed it to be broken.

Initially, German Enigma messages were the main source, with those of the German airforce predominating, as they used radio more, and their operators were particularly ill-disciplined.

The German Army, Navy, Air Force, Nazi party, Gestapo, and German diplomats all used Enigma machines, but there were several variants.

For instance, the Abwehr ( the German military intelligence service ) used a four-rotor machine without a plugboard, and Naval Enigma used different key management from that of the Army or Air Force, making its traffic far more difficult to cryptanalyse.

Former Bletchley Park mathematician-cryptologist Gordon Welchman has written: " Ultra would never have gotten off the ground if we had not learned from the Poles, in the nick of time, the details both of the German military Enigma machine, and of the operating procedures that were in use.