Given its different forms, there are various ways of representing uncertainty and modelling economic agents ' responses to it.

The wavelets forming a continuous wavelet transform ( CWT ) are subject to the uncertainty principle of Fourier analysis respective sampling theory: Given a signal with some event in it, one cannot assign simultaneously an exact time and frequency response scale to that event.

Given this uncertainty, between April – May 2006 at the JINR, a FLNR – PSI team conducted experiments probing the synthesis of this isotope as a daughter in the nuclear reaction < sup > 242 </ sup > Pu (< sup > 48 </ sup > Ca, 3n )< sup > 287 </ sup > Fl.

Given uncertainty about gruiform monophyly, this may or may not be correct ; it certainly seems more justified than most of the Sibley-Ahlquist proposals.

Given the logic of arguments concerning principles of uncertainty and randomness, skepticism towards knowledge merely becomes skepticism towards valid justification.

Given that investments are subject to revisions of future expectations the Nerbrand Z utilises uncertainty of consensus estimates to assess how much earnings forecasts can be revised in standard deviation terms before P / E rations return to normalised levels.

Given the ~ 10 ° uncertainty in the actual rotational axis of Camilla, one can say that the orbit's inclination is less than 10 °.

Given that the measurement uncertainty in the mass measured on a standard analytical balance is ± 0. 1 mg, the relative uncertainty in the mass of oxalic acid dihydrate would be about one part in a thousand, similar to the measurement uncertainty in the volume measurement in the titration.

Given the uncertainty resulting from the GFC downturn and The Great Recession, however, much of the planned redevelopment of DIT Grangegorman, Broadstone, Phibsborough Shopping Centre and Dalymount Park has been postponed pro tem.

Given a different uncertainty about the role of the Privy Council at that time, indeed whether it had a role in such appeal cases, this case may be interpreted as significant in the history of that Court as an institution too.

Given the uncertainty of this method, this method likely could not be used in criminal prosecutions where the guilt must be found beyond a reasonable doubt.

Given the quality of his performance, and the uncertainty over Brady's recovery, NFL analysts and reporters raised the question of whether the Patriots should, or would, franchise Cassel, less than three months after some of those same reporters predicted Cassel would be cut from the team.

** Axiom 1: Given the high level of uncertainty present at the onset of the entry phase, as the amount of verbal communication between strangers increases, the level of uncertainty for each interactant in the relationship will decrease.

Given a theological lead, I asked what he thinks about those who find a religious significance to his plays.

Idealists are skeptics about the physical world, maintaining either: 1 ) that nothing exists outside the mind, or 2 ) that we would have no access to a mind-independent reality even if it may exist ; the latter case often takes the form of a denial of the idea that we can have unconceptualised experiences ( see Myth of the Given ).

Given the then GDP ($ 7. 095 bln ) of the country, military spending is roughly estimated to be about $ 300 million.

Given some encrypted data (" ciphertext "), the goal of the cryptanalyst is to gain as much information as possible about the original, unencrypted data (" plaintext ").

Given enough of it, the inhabitants of planet Earth would have nothing to fight about.

Given earlier debates by Christian authors about the existence of Jesus, e. g. in Justin Martyr's 2nd century Dialogue with Trypho, it would have been expected that the passage from Josephus would have been used as a component of the arguments.

Given the same set of verifiable facts, some societies or individuals will have a fundamental disagreement about what one ought to do based on societal or individual norms, and one cannot adjudicate these using some independent standard of evaluation.

Given a syscall that does nothing, a full round-trip under BSD would require about 40μs, whereas on a user-space Mach system it would take just under 500μs.

Given that both A and not-A are seen to be “ true ,” Kant concludes that it ’ s not that “ God doesn ’ t exist ” but that there is something wrong with how we are asking questions about God and how we have been using our rational faculties to talk about universals ever since Plato got us started on this track!

Given the initial energy of 20 TJ, the Space Shuttle is about 16 % energy efficient at launching the orbiter.

Given a parameter or hypothesis about which one wishes to make inference, statistical inference most often uses:

Given Cerion's extensive geographic diversity, Gould later lamented that if Christopher Columbus had only cataloged a single Cerion it would have ended the scholarly debate about which island Columbus had first set foot on in America.

Given concerns about the previous programs using nuclear-tipped interceptors, in the 1980s the U. S. Army began studies about the feasibility of hit-to-kill vehicles, i. e. interceptor missiles that would destroy incoming ballistic missiles just by colliding with them head-on.

Similarly, Hare refers to “ the crude caricature of act utilitarianism which is the only version of it that many philosophers seem to be acquainted with .” Given what Bentham says about second order evils it would be a serious misrepresentation to say that he and similar act utilitarians would be prepared to punish an innocent person for the greater good.

Given current trends in the UMC — with overseas churches growing, especially in Africa, and U. S. churches collectively losing about 1, 000 members a week — it has been estimated that Africans will make up at least 30 % of the delegates at the 2012 General Conference, and it is also possible that 40 % of the delegates will be from outside the U. S. One Congolese bishop has estimated that typical Sunday attendance of the UMC is higher in his country than in the entire United States.

Given a particular wing and its velocity through the air, debates over which mathematical approach is the most convenient to use can be misperceived by novices as differences of opinion about the basic principles of flight.

Given inefficiencies in the heat transfer, the actual NERVA designs were planned to produce about 5 GW, which would make them the largest nuclear reactors in the world.

Given the low efficiency of the laser amplification process ( about 1 to 1. 5 %), and the losses in generation ( steam-driven turbine systems are typically about 35 % efficient ), fusion gains would have to be on the order of 350 just to break even.

Given a gain of about 100 and a laser efficiency of about 1 %, HiPER produces about the same amount of fusion energy as electrical energy was needed to create it.

Given the choice between playing a game at an arcade three or four times ( perhaps 15 minutes of play for a typical arcade game ), and renting, at about the same price, exactly the same game — for a video game console — the console became the preferred choice.

Given the conceptual context within which ancient thought thrived, how could anyone have questioned this principle??

Given the opportunity, adults eat hatchlings, which may be protected by separating the two groups with a net, breeding box or separate tank.

Given a surface through which a metal wire passes, electrons move in both directions across the surface at an equal rate.

Given Mountbatten's determination, Nehru and Patel's inability to deal with the Muslim League and lastly Jinnah's obstinacy, all Indian party leaders ( except Gandhi ) acquiesced to Jinnah's plan to divide India, which in turn eased Mountbatten's task.

Given also a measure on set, then, sometimes also denoted or, has as its vectors equivalence classes of measurable functions whose absolute value's-th power has finite integral, that is, functions for which one has

Given a set S with a partial order ≤, an infinite descending chain is a chain V that is a subset of S upon which ≤ defines a total order such that V has no least element, that is, an element m such that for all elements n in V it holds that m ≤ n.

* Given a binary operation, an idempotent element ( or simply an idempotent ) for the operation is a value for which the operation, when given that value for both of its operands, gives the value as the result.

Given the tendency for real negotiations in Japan to be conducted privately ( in the nemawashi, or root binding, process of consensus building ), the shingikai often represented a fairly advanced stage in policy formulation in which relatively minor differences could be thrashed out and the resulting decisions couched in language acceptable to all.

Given significant distance from the magnetic poles, one can figure which hand is which using a magnetic compass and the sun.

Given two secondary stations, the time difference ( TD ) between the primary and first secondary identifies one curve, and the time difference between the primary and second secondary identifies another curve, the intersections of which will determine a geographic point in relation to the position of the three stations.

Given this assumption, there are four categories in which a firm's profit may be considered to be.

Given the definition of morpheme as " the smallest meaningful unit " Nanosyntax aims to account for idioms where it is often an entire syntactic tree which contributes " the smallest meaningful unit.

Given that different groups in society have different beliefs, priorities, and interests, to which group would the media tailor its bias?

Given the above commonalities there appear to be only two string theories: the heterotic string theory ( which is also the type I string theory ) and the type II theory.

Given the proposition that ' a persons life prospects should not be decided by factors outside of their control or for which a person cannot claim personal credit ' ( i. e. social status, inherited wealth, race and other accidents of birth ) a meritocracy proposes a system where people are rewarded based on their efforts, and if everyone can start on equal footing with the same opportunity to advance, then the results are just.

Given a specific task to solve, and a class of functions, learning means using a set of observations to find which solves the task in some optimal sense.

Given printing practices at the time ( which included type-setting from dictation ), no two editions turned out to be identical, and it is relatively rare to find even two copies that are exactly the same.

" Given, a certain population, with various needs and powers of production, in possession of certain lands and other sources of material: required, the mode of employing their labour which will maximize the utility of their produce.

* Coreference resolution: Given a sentence or larger chunk of text, determine which words (" mentions ") refer to the same objects (" entities ").

* Named entity recognition ( NER ): Given a stream of text, determine which items in the text map to proper names, such as people or places, and what the type of each such name is ( e. g. person, location, organization ).

* Topic segmentation and recognition: Given a chunk of text, separate it into segments each of which is devoted to a topic, and identify the topic of the segment.

Given a year to complete the work, Gibson undertook the actual writing out of " blind animal terror " at the obligation to write an entire novel – a feat which he felt he was " four or five years away from ".

Given these issues, Microsoft started to work in parallel on a version of Windows which was more future-oriented and more portable.

Given an arbitrary group G, there is a related profinite group G < sup >^</ sup >, the profinite completion of G. It is defined as the inverse limit of the groups G / N, where N runs through the normal subgroups in G of finite index ( these normal subgroups are partially ordered by inclusion, which translates into an inverse system of natural homomorphisms between the quotients ).