Although he had introduced the pseudo-scientific racial component into the debate over Jews in Germany, it is unlikely that he was influenced by the earlier theories of Arthur de Gobineau ( author of An Essay on the Inequality of Human Races, 1853 ), who was only translated into German in 1898, a quarter of a century after Marr's pamphlet appeared.

It is, however, highly probable that Marr was able to read Gobineau in French.

This 19th-century concept was largely initially developed by Count Joseph Arthur De Gobineau.

Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau ( 14 July 1816, Ville-d ' Avray, Hauts-de-Seine – 13 October 1882, Turin ) was a French aristocrat, novelist and man of letters who became famous for developing the theory of the Aryan master race in his book An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races ( 1853 – 1855 ).

Gobineau believed the white race was superior to the other races in the creation of civilized culture and maintaining ordered government.

Gobineau originally wrote that, given the past trajectory of civilization in Europe, white race miscegenation was inevitable and would result in growing chaos.

Paradoxically, although Gobineau saw hope in the expansion of European power, he did not support the creation of commercial empires with their attendant multicultural milieu, concluding that the development of empires was ultimately destructive to the " superior races " that created them, since they led to the mixing of distinct races.

Hitler and Nazism borrowed much of Gobineau's ideology, though Gobineau himself was not anti-Semitic, and may even be characterised as philo-Semitic.

Though in no way espousing his beliefs, Bahá ' ís know Gobineau as the person who obtained the only complete manuscript of the early history of the Bábí religious movement of Persia, written by Hajji Mirzâ Jân of Kashan, who was put to death by the Persian authorities in c. 1852.

Despite this, traditional discrimination and hostility to Jews on religious grounds persisted and was supplemented by racial antisemitism, encouraged by the work of racial theorists such as Joseph Arthur de Gobineau and particularly his Essay on the Inequality of the Human Race of 1853 – 5.

Arthur de Gobineau was a successful diplomat for the French Second Empire.

Gobineau believed the white race was superior to the others.

Gobineau originally wrote that white race miscegenation was inevitable.

To Gobineau, the development of empires was ultimately destructive to the " superior races " that created them, since they led to the mixing of distinct races.

His cheek cupped in his hand, he reread the works he admired out of duty .” Hans Delbrück appears in the professor ’ s thoughts again while contemplating the meaning of the war as American soldiers overtake Berlin: “ The Second World War was already down as a great historical tragedy – a quasi-mythological one – which nether Mommsen, Hans Delbrück, Gobineau, Houston Stewart Chamberlin, Oswald Spengler, or Mein Kampf could elucidate entirely …”

During this time it is said his ideas on race began taking shape, influenced by the concept of Teutonic supremacy he alleged was embodied in the works of Wagner and Arthur de Gobineau.

The concept of racial " purity " was developed by Arthur de Gobineau.

His interest in the Bábí movement was piqued by a book he stumbled upon in a library in Cambridge by the French diplomat Comte de Gobineau whilst looking for materials on the Sufi movement.

Essai sur l ' inégalité des races humaines ( An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races ) ( 1853 – 1855 ) by Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau was intended as a work of philosophical enquiry into decline and degeneration.

Gobineau was a Legitimist who despaired at France's decline into republicanism and centralization.

The book was written after the 1848 revolution when Gobineau began studying the works of Xavier Bichat and Johann Blumenbach.

In general, Gobineau considers the Bible to be a reliable source of actual history, and he was not a supporter of the idea of polygenesis.

Gobineau was not pleased with the version ; Gobineau was " particularly concerned that Hotze had ignored his comments on ' American decay generally and upon slaveholding in particular '.

* July 4 – Arthur de Gobineau, French diplomat and author ( d. 1882 )

In Medieval and Modern Spain, the Visigoths were believed to be the origin of the Spanish nobility ( compare Gobineau for a similar French idea ).

He is perhaps best known for his documentation and historical narratives of the Bábí movement as relayed by Count Gobineau.

Expanding upon Boulainvilliers ' use of ethnography to defend the Ancien Regime against the claims of the Third Estate, de Gobineau aimed for an explanatory system universal in scope: namely, that race is the primary force determining world events.

The biblical division into Hamites, Semites, and Japhetites is for Gobineau a division within the white race.

In the Chapter " Vision " within his Book " Hitler " he writes that the influence of Gobineau on Hitler can be easily seen and that Gobineaus ideas were used by Hitler in simplified form for demagogic purposes: " Significantly, Hitler simplified Gobineau's elaborate doctrine until it became demagogically usable and offered a set of plausible explanations for all the discontents, anxieties, and crises of the contemporary scene.

He was influenced by the writing of Joseph Arthur de Gobineau, an aristocrat, who presented his case for the superiority of the white race in an essay written in 1853, “ Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races .”

Other writers who have been influenced by the Nights include John Barth, Jorge Luis Borges, Salman Rushdie, Goethe, Walter Scott, Thackeray, Wilkie Collins, Elizabeth Gaskell, Nodier, Flaubert, Marcel Schwob, Stendhal, Dumas, Gérard de Nerval, Gobineau, Pushkin, Tolstoy, Hofmannsthal, Conan Doyle, W. B. Yeats, H. G. Wells, Cavafy, Calvino, Georges Perec, H. P. Lovecraft, Marcel Proust, A. S. Byatt and Angela Carter.

Rosenberg built on the works of Arthur de Gobineau, Houston Stewart Chamberlain and Madison Grant, as well as the beliefs of Hitler.

The origins of the Nazi version of the theory of the master race were in 19th-century racial theories of Count Joseph Arthur De Gobineau, who argued that cultures degenerated when distinct races mixed.

De Gobineau is credited as being the father of modern racial demography.

In the later years of the July Monarchy, Gobineau made his living writing serialized fiction ( romans-feuilletons ) and contributing to reactionary periodicals.

Gobineau also questioned the belief that the black and yellow races belong to the same human family as the white race and share a common ancestor.

Gobineau wrote positively about the Jews, including the long eulogy to the Jews in his Essai sur l ' inégalité des races, describing them as " a free, strong, and intelligent people " who succeeded despite the natural disadvantages of the Land of Israel.

Gobineau visited Bayreuth, home of Richard Wagner shortly before his death.

Platoons of Hearst agents were traveling from state to state in a surprisingly successful search for delegates at the coming convention, and there were charges that money was doing a large part of the persuading.

But, so far as its territorial objectives were concerned, the campaign was successful.

The resulting setup, it was declared, `` would be similar to that which is in successful operation in a number of metropolitan counties as large or larger than Rhode Island ''.

This voyage was the first successful crossing of the Atlantic under steam propulsion.

Another recent achievement was the successful development of a method for the complete combustion in a bomb calorimeter of a metal in fluorine when the product is relatively non-volatile.

Despite the successful rehabilitation of over a half million disabled persons in the first eleven years after 1943, the existing program was still seen to be inadequate to cope with the nation's backlog of an estimated two million disabled.

For example, the importance of the Regulus 2, a very promising aerodynamic ship-to-surface missile designed to be launched by surfaced submarines, was greatly diminished by the successful acceleration of the much more advanced Polaris ballistic missile launched by submerged submarines.

A ballistic missile cannot, today, tell you if it was successful or unsuccessful.

She patronized Greenwich Village artists for awhile, then put some money into a Broadway show which was successful ( terrible, but successful ).

It seemed, indeed, that their house was not so much a home, but rather a perfect stage set, and that they were actors who had been handed fat roles in a successful play, and had talent enough to fill the roles competently, with nice understatement.

My heart was not in it, but, oddly enough, it remains the most financially successful picture of my career.

In a course for supermarket operators, a district manager who had been recently appointed to his position after being outstandingly successful as a store manager, found that in supervising other managers he was having a difficult time.

The din was successful, too, for just before the moon disappeared, the frightened toad had begun to spit it out again, which meant good luck all around.

The event was so successful that the Interior Secretary plans to serve as impresario for similar ones from time to time, hoping thereby to add to the cultural enrichment of the Administration.

Before coming on a visit to Spelman in 1885, Miss Mary had been a successful teacher in Worcester, and her position there was held open for her for a considerable period.

I make no attempt to measure the enduring satisfaction and material well-being of a man who went to work on graduation from high school and was highly successful in the business which he entered.

Mr. Khrushchev was jesting in the expansive mood of the successful banker.

Moritz was bothered during the first two games this year by a pulled muscle in the thigh of his right ( kicking ) leg and, as a result, several of his successful conversions have gone barely far enough.

It was probably man's first successful flight in a missile.

The suit against the union was successful and many workers lost their homes to pay off the judgment.

The teacher thought it was so successful that she asks: `` Wouldn't it be helpful to all age groups if they could participate in a similar confessional of their fears and worries ''??

His second campaign in 1834 was successful.

When the original stories were related ( e. g. The War against the Rull ) this was often successful.

Alumni was the most successful team in the amateur era of Argentine football, winning 10 of the 14 league championships contested, being considered the first great football team.