Alan Cameron, however, argues that it should be interpreted as referring to Plato, and that when Proclus writes that " we must bear in mind concerning this whole feat of the Athenians, that it is neither a mere myth nor unadorned history, although some take it as history and others as myth ", he is treating " Crantor's view as mere personal opinion, nothing more ; in fact he first quotes and then dismisses it as representing one of the two unacceptable extremes ".

De Pizan then argues that " skill in discourse should be a part of every woman ’ s moral repertoire ".

In the essay a blind English mathematician named Saunderson argues that since knowledge derives from the senses, then mathematics is the only form of knowledge that both he and a sighted person can agree about.

The author Leveritt argues that Echols ' information may have come from police leaks, such as Detective Gitchell's comments to Mark Byers, that then circulated amongst the local public.

Kant then argues that those things that are usually thought to be good, such as intelligence, perseverance and pleasure, fail to be either intrinsically good or good without qualification.

In the General Possibility Theorem, Kenneth Arrow argues that if a legislative consensus can be reached through a simple majority, then minimum conditions must be satisfied, and these conditions must provide a superior ranking to any subset of alternative votes ( Arrow 1963 ).

# Socrates then argues, and the interlocutor agrees, that these further premises imply the contrary of the original thesis, in this case it leads to: " courage is not endurance of the soul ".

He then sets out throughout the rest of the book to demonstrate the limitations of this conception, including, he argues, many traditional philosophical puzzles and confusions that arise as a result of this limited picture.

A typical philosophical text presents a philosophical problem, summarizes and critiques various alternative approaches to solving it, presents its own approach, and then argues in favour of that approach.

Thus, Wittgenstein argues, if we can talk about something, then it is not private, in the sense considered.

Sojourner argues that if these women were able to perform such tasks, then they should be allowed to vote because surely voting is easier than building roads.

Mill argues that if people who are “ competently acquainted ” with two pleasures show a decided preference for one even if it be accompanied by more discontent and “ would not resign it for any quantity of the other ” then it is legitimate to regard that pleasure as being superior in quality.

He argues that whilst people might start desiring virtue as a means to happiness, eventually, it becomes part of someone ’ s happiness and is then desired as an end in itself.

" Mill argues that the sole purpose of law should be to stop people from harming others and that should people want to participate in victimless crimes, crimes with no complaining witness, such as gambling, drug usage, engaging in prostitution, then they should not be encroached in doing so.

Michael Bayles argues that if a person violates a law in order to create a test case as to the constitutionality of a law, and then wins his case, then that act did not constitute civil disobedience.

She argues that subversion occurs through the enactment of an identity that is repeated in directions that go back and forth which then results in the displacement of the original goals of dominant forms of power.

" Misanthropy, then, is presented as the result of thwarted expectations or even excessively naive optimism, since Plato argues that " art " would have allowed the potential misanthrope to recognize that the majority of men are to be found in between good and evil.

Harris then argues that we are also the victims of such unpredictable desires ( but due to the unconscious machinations of our brain, rather than those of a mad scientist ).

For example, if one argues that a given number of grains of sand does not make a heap and that an additional grain does not either, then to conclude that no additional amount of sand would make a heap is to construct a sorites argument.

Its no surprise then argues Sharma ( 2005b: 177 ; 2008 ) that fiscal federalism literature is far away from Centralization Vs Decentralization focus.

# Socrates then argues, and the interlocutor agrees, that these further premises imply the contrary of the original thesis, in this case it leads to: " courage is not endurance of the soul ".

Clader argues that, if indeed Helen was worshiped as a goddess at Therapne, then her powers should be largely concerned with fertility.

He argues that the Haida people of the Queen Charlotte Islands originated carving of the poles, and that the practice spread outward to the Tsimshian and Tlingit, and then down the coast to the tribes of British Columbia and northern Washington.

The nation-state, then, exemplifies the principle of nationalism and exercises sovereignty: supreme power over domestic affairs and independence from outside control.

He then applied this principle of reciprocal inhibition to human neuroses.

Logically, then, the first principle of the plan must be that it is not rigidly oriented toward any geographical area.

If Af denotes the net profit from stage R and Af, then the principle of optimality gives Af.

If we consider a process in which the outcome of one stage is known before passage to the next, then the principle of optimality shows that the policy in subsequent stages should be optimal with respect to the outcome of the first.

To do this, it is sufficient to point out that if the principle in terms of which alternatives are to be conceived is such as to exclude more than two, then the question of a `` third '' possibility is a meaningless question.

Existence is the principle that gives reality to an essence not the same in any way as the existence: " If things having essences are real, and it is not of their essence to be, then the reality of these things must be found in some principle other than ( really distinct from ) their essence.

By the well ordering principle, if there are positive integers that satisfy a given property, then there is a smallest positive integer that satisfies that property ; therefore, there is a smallest positive integer satisfying the property " not definable in under eleven words ".

One of the most common objections to rule-consequentialism is that it is incoherent, because it is based on the consequentialist principle that what we should be concerned with is maximizing the good, but then it tells us not to act to maximize the good, but to follow rules ( even in cases where we know that breaking the rule could produce better results ).

Later on, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this French revolutionary principle – though not of course its specific way to identify the “ general will ” – percolated into first Socialist and then Fascist political thinking.

In cosmology, if one assumes the Copernican principle and observes that the universe appears isotropic from our vantage-point on Earth, then one can prove that the Universe is generally homogeneous ( at any given time ) and is also isotropic about any given point.

Second, he does not say that his existence is necessary ; he says that if he thinks, then necessarily he exists ( see the instantiation principle ).

According to the logical positivists, unless a statement could be verified by experience, or else was true or false by definition ( i. e. either tautological or contradictory ), then it was meaningless ( this is a summary statement of their verification principle ).

The selfbolting door principle can be used both for hinged doors as for rotating doors, as well as up-and-over doors ( in the latter case, the bolts are then placed at top and bottom rather than at the sides ).

The analysis of linear systems is possible because they satisfy a superposition principle: if u ( t ) and w ( t ) satisfy the differential equation for the vector field ( but not necessarily the initial condition ), then so will u ( t ) + w ( t ).

" Moreover, they suggest that if it is wrong in principle for the government to tax in order to fund public education, then one should not accept any portion of the ill-gotten money to fund private education.

Then he announced to the world: " The independence of Austria, for which he has fallen, is a principle that has been defended and will be defended by Italy even more strenuously ", and then replaced in the main square of Bolzano the statue of Walther von der Vogelweide, a Germanic troubadour, with that of Drusus, a Roman general who conquered part of Germany.

The principle of inclusions and components states that, with sedimentary rocks, if inclusions ( or clasts ) are found in a formation, then the inclusions must be older than the formation that contains them.

" Nowadays, as Hezbollah scholar Magnus Ranstorp reports, Hezbollah does indeed have a formal governing structure, and in keeping with the principle of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists ( velayat-e faqih ), it " concentrate ... all authority and powers " in its religious leaders, whose decisions then " flow from the ulama down the entire community.

The same principle applies to more than two segments: given a series of sub-trips at different speeds, if each sub-trip covers the same distance, then the average speed is the harmonic mean of all the sub-trip speeds, and if each sub-trip takes the same amount of time, then the average speed is the arithmetic mean of all the sub-trip speeds.

" And then they went to work and elaborated this one principle all through, and it is a most wonderful ideal: how all that we call ethics they simply bring out from that one great principle of non-injury and doing good.

The conditionality principle says that if an experiment is chosen by a random process independent of the states of nature, then only the experiment actually performed is relevant to inferences about.