) was an English medieval theologian, astronomer and Arabist.

Yet his merit as an Arabist was sooner recognized than the value of his Greek work.

Strauss ' closest friend was Jacob Klein but he also was intellectually engaged with Karl Löwith, Julius Guttman, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Franz Rosenzweig ( to whom Strauss dedicated his first book ), Gershom Scholem, Alexander Altmann, and the Arabist Paul Kraus, who married Strauss ' sister Bettina ( Strauss and his wife later adopted their child when both parents died in the Middle East ).

Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE ( 3 April 1885-30 September 1960 ), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( الشيخ عبدالله ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer.

He was the father of the great traveller and Arabist Lady Hester Stanhope and brother-in-law of William Pitt the Younger.

October 8, 1904-September 9, 1973 ) was a distinguished Georgian scientist and public benefactor, founder of the well-known Georgian scientific school of Oriental Studies and Arabist of world renown, founder of the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the Tbilisi State University ( TSU ), founder and first Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences ( GNAS ), Academician of GNAS, Meritorious Scientific Worker of Georgia, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor.

He was an internationalist, an early enthusiast for British membership of the European Economic Community and an Arabist who was a founding member of the Council for the Advancement of Arab-British Understanding ( CAABU ) in 1967.

Others suggest that it developed from the Arabic Mahfara, which means pit, which presumed that the location was implanted within a pit, a fact that was disproved by the Arabist David Lopes.

Hans Wehr ( 1909 – 1981 ) was a German Arabist, professor at the University of Münster from 1957 – 1974.

Fellowes was born in Cairo, Egypt, the youngest son of Olwen ( née Stuart-Jones ) and Peregrine Edward Launcelot Fellowes, a diplomat and Arabist who campaigned to have Haile Selassie restored to his throne during World War II.

Charles Richard Crane ( 1858 – 1939 ) was a wealthy American businessman, heir to a large industrial fortune and connoisseur of Arab culture, a noted Arabist.

Shelomo Dov Goitein ( April 3, 1900 – February 6, 1985 ) was a German-Jewish ethnographer, historian and Arabist known for his research on Jewish life in the Islamic Middle Ages.

He was elected to the Kataeb party's political bureau in 1970 and remained in the party's top echelon, leading the so-called " Arabist " faction of the Kataeb Party ( Phalange ), which favored close ties with Syria.

It was this very region that the British Arabist and adventurer T. E. Lawrence was exploring in a military survey for the British army when he was drafted into service.

Philby's father, St. John Philby, was a noted Arabist whose book The Empty Quarter ( on the Rub ' al Khali ) was extensively used as source material for the novel.

Gavin's stallion was in the barn and he tightened the cinches over the saddle blanket, working by touch in the darkness, comforting the animal with easy words.

Cabot turned back to the men and he was drunk with the thing they would do, wild to break from the cloying warmth of the saloon into the cold of the ebbing night.

Gavin's face was bloodless with excitement.

Still, I was disgusted with myself for agreeing with Montero's methods.

His mouth was open, his neck corded with the strain of his screams.

Out in front of our walls the grass was covered with dead and dying men, war shields, lances, blankets and wounded and dead horses.

The morning air was filled with the sweetish odor of new-spilled blood, the acrid stench of frightened horses, and the bitterness of burned powder.

Above me a dark rider was whipping his pony with a quirt in an attempt to hurdle the bales.

He was shaking with anger, his breath coming in long, painful gasps.

The town was about what Wilson expected: one main street with its rows of false-fronted buildings, a water tower, a few warehouses, a single hotel ; ;

It was, I felt, possible that they were men who, having received no tickets for that day, had remained in the hall, to sleep perhaps, in the corners farthest removed from the counter with its overhead light.

He was a man in his late forties, with graying hair, of medium height ; ;

It was partially cemented by ages and pressure, yet it crumpled before the onslaught of the powerful streams, the force of a thousand fire hoses, and with the gold it held washed down through the long sluices.

The man was tall, thin, with a narrow face and a too-large nose.

The ground was covered with soft pine needles and the slope was gentle.

Was it not possible, after all, that the forest was in league with her and her child that its sympathy lay with the Culvers that she had erred in failing to understand this??

She regarded them as signs that she was nearing the glen she sought, and she was glad to at last be doing something positive in her unenunciated, undefined struggle with the mountain and its darkling inhabitants.

Having persisted too long in deliberate ignorance and denial of the forces that threatened her, Pamela was relieved now to admit their potency and to be taking definite steps toward grappling with them.

Unconcerned, indifferent, unmotivated, the forest was simply there -- fighting man's depredations with more abundant growth and man's follies with its own musical evening laughter.

He was handsome, with his coal-black hair and eyes, his fine-chiseled features.

Pakistan was created in 1947 expressly as a Muslim state, but when the army took over eleven years later it did so on a wave of mass impatience which was directed in part against the inability of political and religious leaders to think their way through to the meaning of Islam for the modern political situation.

Aristotle was well known among medieval Muslim intellectuals and revered as المعلم الأول-" The First Teacher ".

The title " teacher " was first given to Aristotle by Muslim scholars, and was later used by Western philosophers ( as in the famous poem of Dante ) who were influenced by the tradition of Islamic philosophy.

In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions he was ably assisted by Nizam ul-Mulk, his vizier, and one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history.

Aga Khan I (; or, less commonly but more correctly (; ), was the title accorded to Hasan Ali Shah (; ; 1804 in Kohak, Iran – 1881 in Bombay, India ), the governor of Kirman, 46th Imam of the Nizari Ismaili Muslims, and prominent Muslim leader in Iran and later in the Indian Subcontinent.

He was one of the founders and the first president of the All-India Muslim League, and served as President of the League of Nations from 1937-38.

In 1906, the Aga Khan was a founding member and first president of the All India Muslim League, a political party which pushed for the creation of an independent Muslim nation in the north west regions of South Asia, then under British colonial rule, and later established the country of Pakistan in 1947.

Abdallah ibn Yasin was a Gazzula Berber, and probably a convert rather than a born Muslim.

In 1086 Yusuf ibn Tashfin was invited by the taifa Muslim princes of the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ) to defend their territories from Alfonso VI, King of León and Castile.

Not long after, Abu Bakr accepted Islam and was the first person outside the family of Muhammad to openly become a Muslim.

Tabari, the most famous Muslim historian, in his Ta ' rikh quotes from Muhammad Bin Sa ' ad Bin Abi Waqqas, who said: " I asked my father whether Abu Bakr was the first of the Muslims.

He said, ' No, more than fifty people embraced Islam before Abu Bakr ; but he was superior to us as a Muslim.

During that time, while studying at Kabul University, Massoud became involved with the Sazman-i Jawanan-i Musulman (" Organization of Muslim Youth "), the student branch of the Jamiat-i Islami (" Islamic Society "), whose chairman then was professor Burhanuddin Rabbani.

Abd-al Latif was well aware of the value of ancient monuments and praised Muslim rulers for preserving and protecting pre-Islamic artifacts and monuments.

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu ' awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 731 – 788 ) ( Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل ) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba ( 755 ), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries ( including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba ).

Al-Maqqari quotes prior Muslim historians as having recorded that Abd al-Rahman said he was so overcome with fear at that moment, that once he made the far shore he ran until exhaustion overcame him.

Following the Berber Revolt of the 740s, the province was in a state of confusion, with the Muslim community torn by tribal dissensions among the Arabs and racial tensions between the Arabs and Berbers.

In the meantime, a call went out through the Muslim world that al-Andalus was a safe haven for friends of the house of Umayya, if not for Abd al-Rahman's scattered family that managed to evade the Abbasids.

"( Charlemagne's ) army was enlisted to help the Muslim governors of Barcelona and Zaragoza against the Umayyad ( emir ) in Cordoba ..." Essentially Charlemagne was being hired as a mercenary, even though he likely had other plans of acquiring the area for his own empire.

There was a great deal of freedom of interaction between the groups: for example, Sarah, the granddaughter of the Visigoth king Wittiza, married a Muslim man and bore two sons who were later counted among the ranks of the highest Arab nobility.

Whilst in Baghdad, ` Abdu ' l-Bahá composed a commentary at the request of his father on the Muslim tradition of " I was a Hidden Treasure " for a Súfí leader named ` Alí Shawkat Páshá.