The first ( retroactively ) RISC-labeled processor ( IBM 801-IBMs Watson Research Center, mid-1970s ) was a tightly pipelined simple machine originally intended to be used as an internal microcode kernel, or engine, in CISC designs, but also became the processor that introduced the RISC idea to a somewhat larger public.

Compaq originally competed directly against IBM, manufacturing computer systems equivalent with the IBM PC, as well as Apple Computer.

Half-inch ( 12. 7 mm ) magnetic tape, originally written with IBM 7 track | 7 tracks and later 9 track tape | 9-tracks.

Named IBM 4680 OS, IBM originally chose DR Concurrent DOS 286 as the basis of their IBM 4680 computer for IBM Plant System products and Point-of-Sale terminals in 1986.

It was arguably responsible for the split between Microsoft and IBM, since IBM insisted that OS / 2, originally a joint venture between IBM and Microsoft, would run on a 286 ( and in text mode ).

The IBM 3270 is a class of block oriented terminals made by IBM originally introduced in 1972 ( known as " display devices ") normally used to communicate with IBM mainframes.

Tanenbaum originally developed MINIX for compatibility with the IBM PC and IBM PC / AT microcomputers available at the time.

IBM added Unix support ( originally called OPEN EDITION ) in MVS / SP V4. 3 and has obtained POSIX and Unix certifications at several different levels.

" Warp " had originally been the internal IBM name for the release: IBM claimed that it had used Star Trek terms as internal names for past OS / 2 releases, and that this one seemed appropriate for external use as well.

In October 1963 a committee was formed composed originally of 3 IBMers from New York and 3 members of SHARE, the IBM

* National CSS -> VP / CSS ( ran on IBM 360 series ; originally based on IBM's CP / CMS

Some early computers in the USA also used the Williams tube, including the IAS machine ( originally designed for Selectron tube memory ), the UNIVAC 1103, Whirlwind, IBM 701, IBM 702 and the Standards Western Automatic Computer ( SWAC ).

It was originally written for Unix-like operating systems on IBM PC compatibles and is now available for many other operating systems and platforms.

The AS / 400 was originally based on a custom IBM CISC CPU which used a CPU architecture known as Internal MicroProgrammed Interface ( IMPI ) and an instruction set similar to the IBM 370.

IBM approached Digital Research in 1980, at Bill Gates ' suggestion, to negotiate the purchase of a forthcoming version of CP / M called CP / M-86 for the IBM PC.

In 1981, Artwick was approached by Microsoft's Alan M. Boyd who was interested in creating a ' definitive game ' that would graphically demonstrate the difference between older 8-bit computers such as the Apple II and the new 16-bit computers such as the IBM PC still in development.

Until that time, software was bundled with the hardware by Original equipment manufacturers ( OEMs ) such as Data General, Digital Equipment and IBM.

The same limitations affected Digital Research's FlexOS 286 version 1. 0, a derivation of Concurrent DOS 286, developed in 1986, introduced in January 1987, and later adopted by IBM for their IBM 4690 OS.

Architectures with instruction sets implemented by complex microprograms included the IBM System / 360 and Digital Equipment Corporation VAX.

RCA was one of several major computer companies ( see also: Computing ) that also included IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, NCR and Sperry Rand through most of the 1960s.

Project Athena ( a joint project between Digital Equipment Corporation ( DEC ), MIT and IBM to provide easy access to computing resources for all students ) needed a platform-independent graphics system to link together its heterogeneous multiple-vendor systems ; the window system then under development in Carnegie Mellon University's Andrew Project did not make licenses available, and no alternatives existed.

Their commercial development came in work by Burroughs ( later Unisys ), Convex Computer ( later Hewlett-Packard ), Honeywell Information Systems Italy ( HISI ) ( later Groupe Bull ), Silicon Graphics ( later Silicon Graphics International ), Sequent Computer Systems ( later IBM ), Data General ( later EMC ) and Digital ( later Compaq, now HP ) during the 1990s.

It initially ran on workstations from Sun Microsystems and Apollo Computers, but later ported its software to workstations made by Digital Equipment Corporation, HP, IBM and SGI, and later still, to the Apple Macintosh II and the IBM Personal Computer.

At the same time, many manufacturers such as Xerox, Hewlett-Packard, Digital Equipment Corporation, Sanyo, Texas Instruments, Tulip, Wang and Olivetti introduced personal computers that were MS DOS compatible, but not completely software-or hardware-compatible with the IBM PC.

Servers use those processors and other readily available non-x86 processor choices, including the Sun Microsystems UltraSPARC, Fujitsu SPARC64 III and later, SGI MIPS, Intel Itanium, Hewlett Packard PA-RISC, Hewlett-Packard ( merged with Compaq which acquired first Digital Equipment Corporation ) DEC Alpha, IBM POWER and Apple Computer PowerPC ( specifically G4 and G5 series, as well as earlier PowerPC 604 and 604e series ) processors.

NFS and ONC figured prominently in the network-computing war between Sun Microsystems and Apollo Computer, and later the UNIX wars ( ca 1987-1996 ) between AT & T and Sun on one side, and Digital Equipment, HP, and IBM on the other.

This caused many of AT & T's other licensees of UNIX System V to become concerned that this would put Sun in an advantaged position, and it ultimately led to Digital Equipment, HP, IBM, and others forming the Open Software Foundation ( OSF ) in 1988.

Ironically, Sun and AT & T had previously competed over Sun's NFS versus AT & T's Remote File System ( RFS ), and the quick adoption of NFS over RFS by Digital Equipment, HP, IBM, and many other computer vendors tipped the majority of users in favor of NFS.

* Applications and installations of the IBM 704 Data Processing System – From A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems, Report No. 1115, March 1961, by Martin H. Weik.

Later Digital ported it to Ultrix, as well as Apple Macintosh and IBM PC running variants of DOS and Microsoft Windows under the name DEC Pathworks, allowing these systems to connect to DECnet networks of VAX machines as terminal nodes.

MetaComCo's first product was an MBASIC compatible interpreter for IBM PC's, which was licensed by Peter Mackeonis to Digital Research in 1982, and issued as the Digital Research Personal Basic, or PBASIC, running under CP / M.

Digital Research developed CP / M-86 as an alternative to MS-DOS and it was made available through IBM in early 1982.

IBM chose to use it, acquiring adapter cards for the PC / XT from Xebec and for the PC / AT from Western Digital.

In 1990, Microsoft had two competitors in its core market ( Digital Research and IBM ), Intel had none.

* IBM 7090 Music From Mathematics recorded in 1960 by Bell Labs, using the " Digital to Sound Transducer " to realize several traditional and original compositions ; this album contains the original Daisy ( Bicycle Built for Two ).

This was based on a design pioneered at IBM Research ( the IBM 801 ).

* Allen, Frances E., " A History of Language Processor Technology in IBM ", IBM Journal of Research and Development, v. 25, no. 5, September 1981.

* Lockhead and Klemmer, An Evaluation of an 8-Key Word-Writing Typewriter, IBM Research Report RC-180, IBM Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, Nov 1959.

In the 1990s, as IBM's own PC division declined, Compaq faced other IBM PC Compatible manufacturers like Dell Computer, Packard Bell, AST Research, and Gateway 2000.

Database research has taken place at research and development groups of companies ( e. g., notably at IBM Research, who contributed technologies and ideas virtually to any DBMS existing today ), research institutes, and academia.

IBM Research Labs also developed an extended FORTRAN-based language called " VECTRAN "

* Nanotube FETs at IBM Research

Jay Elinsky and Oleg Vishnepolsky of IBM Research wrote TCP / IP stacks for VM / CMS and OS / 2, respectively.

* 2011 Gérard Cornuéjols, IBM University Professor of Operations Research at Carnegie Mellon University ’ s Tepper School of Business

In 1975, Goldfarb moved from Cambridge, Massachusetts to Silicon Valley and became a product planner at the IBM Almaden Research Center.

Buckland suggests that Bush and his team may not have been aware of Goldberg's earlier work when they built their 1938-1940 prototype, but that IBM researchers and Bush's Eastman Kodak Research Laboratory sponsor certainly were.

The scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level, was developed in 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer at IBM Zurich Research Laboratory, for which they received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986.

Many of the notable early successes occurred in the field of machine translation, due especially to work at IBM Research, where successively more complicated statistical models were developed.

He heard about the IBM System R database from an article in the IBM Research Journal provided

* STM Image Gallery at IBM Almaden Research Center

Model based crawling of Rich Internet Applications-Software Security Research Group-University of Ottawa and IBM Research Labs