In 1961, Illich founded the Centro Intercultural de Documentación ( CIDOC, or Intercultural Documentation Center ) at Cuernavaca in Mexico, ostensibly a research center offering language courses to missionaries from North America and volunteers of the Alliance for Progress program initiated by John F. Kennedy.

Unpopular with the local chapter of Opus Dei, Illich was called to Rome for questioning, due in part to a report from the CIA.

In 1976, Illich, apparently concerned by the influx of formal academics and the potential side effects of its own " institutionalization ," shut the center down with consent from the other members of the CIDOC.

More recently, social critics such as John Caldwell Holt, Paul Goodman, Frederick Mayer, George Dennison and Ivan Illich have examined education from more individualist, anarchist, and libertarian perspectives, that is, critiques of the ways that they feel conventional education subverts democracy by molding young people's understandings

People and events from the counterculture covered include Pete Seeger, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Malvina Reynolds, Jessica Mitford's The American Way of Death, Jonathan Kozol, George Dennison, and Ivan Illich.

In the 1970s, Illich was popular among leftist intellectuals in France, his thesis having been discussed in particular by André Gorz.

The book that brought Ivan Illich to public attention was Deschooling Society ( 1971 ), a radical critical discourse on education as practised in " modern " economies.

For example, Ivan Illich calculated that, in America in the 1970s, if you add the time spent to work to earn the money to buy a car, the time spent in the car ( including traffic jam ), the time spent in the health care industry because of a car crash, the time spent in the oil industry to fuel cars ... etc., and you divide the number of kilometres traveled per year by that, you obtain the following calculation: 10000 km per year per person divided by 1600 hours per year per American equals 6 km per hour.

* George Illich ( Monday to Friday afternoons 1pm-6pm ), Sunday Morning 6am-12pm

" It introduced a number of topics and works by authors including, " The Gaia hypothesis, watershed consciousness, voluntary simplicity, personal computers, the flat tax, the effects of chemicals on the human gene pool ; the ideas and stories of Amory Lovins, John Todd, Christopher Alexander, Donella Meadows, beat poets Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Michael McClure ( who edited an issue ), Paul Ehrlich, Ken Kesey, Gary Snyder, R. Crumb, Mary Catherine Bateson, Gregory Bateson, Admiral Hyman Rickover, James Baldwin, Sallie Tisdale, Ivan Illich, Paul Hawken, Kevin Kelly, Howard Rheingold, Anne Herbert.

In the 1975 book Limits to medicine: Medical nemesis ( 1975 ), Ivan Illich put forth one of the earliest uses of the term " medicalization ".

Voiced by: Shinichiro Miki ( Japanese ), Illich Guardiola ( English )

* Isaak Illich Rubin ( 1886 – 1937 ), Russian economist and Marxist theorist.

* 2002 – Ivan Illich, Austrian priest and philosopher ( b. 1926 )

Ivan Illich (; Vienna, 4 September 1926 – Bremen, 2 December 2002 ) was an Austrian philosopher, Roman Catholic priest, and " maverick social critic " of the institutions of contemporary western culture and their effects on the provenance and practice of education, medicine, work, energy use, transportation, and economic development.

In his paper Hospitality and Pain, Christian theologian Ivan Illich states: " Compassion with Christ ... is faith so strong and so deeply incarnate that it leads to the individual embodiment of the contemplated pain.

Colin Ward in his main theorectical publication Anarchy in Action ( 1973 ) in a chapter called " Schools No Longer " " discusses the genealogy of education and schooling, in particular examining the writings of Everett Reimer and Ivan Illich, and the beliefs of anarchist educator Paul Goodman.

He draws the same distinction as Ivan Illich, between tools that stay under the control of the user, and technological systems that draw the user into their control.

Also during this year, Ivan Illich described computer-based " learning webs " in his book Deschooling Society.

Illich was born in Vienna to a Croatian, Catholic father — engineer Ivan Peter Illich and Sephardic Jewish mother — Ellen née Regenstreif-Ortlieb.

Illich had Italian, Spanish, French, and German as native languages.

" In 1956, at the age of 30, he was appointed as the vice rector of the Catholic University of Puerto Rico, " a position he managed to keep for several years before getting thrown out — Illich was just a little too loud in his criticism of the Vatican ’ s pronouncements on birth control and comparatively demure silence about the bomb.

" It was in Puerto Rico that Illich met Everett Reimer and the two began to analyze their own functions as " educational " leaders.

Illich looked askance at the liberal pity or conservative imperiousness that motivated the rising tide of global industrial development.

At the CIDOC, " Illich was able to develop his potent and highly influential critique of Third World development schemes and their fresh-faced agents: Kennedy ’ s Alliance for Progress, the Peace Corps, and countless other missionary efforts bankrolled and organized by wealthy nations, foundations, and religious groups.

In the 1980s and beyond, Illich traveled extensively, mainly splitting his time between the United States, Mexico, and Germany.

In this new work Illich generalized the themes that he had previously applied to the field of education: the institutionalization of specialized knowledge, the dominant role of technocratic elites in industrial society, and the need to develop new instruments for the reconquest of practical knowledge by the average citizen.

" Illich proposed that we should " invert the present deep structure of tools " in order to " give people tools that guarantee their right to work with independent efficiency.

In his Medical Nemesis, first published in 1975, also known as Limits to Medicine, Illich subjected contemporary Western medicine to detailed attack.

Others have since voiced similar views, but none so trenchantly, perhaps, as Illich.

The former county school superintendent, George P. Callan, shot himself to death March 18, four days after he resigned his post in a dispute with the county school board.

Within a month Granby resigned the leadership in the commons, feeling himself inadequate to the post, and the party functioned without an actual leader in the commons for the remainder of the parliamentary session.

Seven members of the university board ( of about a hundred ) also resigned in support of Graham, including Graham himself and two of his staff members.

Gandhi with Lord and Lady Mountbatten, 1947Given the British government's recommendations to grant independence quickly, Mountbatten concluded that a united India was an unachievable goal and resigned himself to a plan for partition, creating the independent nations of India and Pakistan.

At this congress, Zamenhof officially resigned his leadership of the Esperanto movement, as he did not want personal prejudice against himself ( or anti-Semitism ) to hinder the progress of the language.

When Haiti announced that its first direct elections ( all men twenty-one or over were allowed to vote ) would be held on October 8, 1950, Magloire resigned from the junta and declared himself a candidate for president.

This conflict became increasingly sharp in 1873, when Thiers himself was censured by the National Assembly as not being " sufficiently conservative " and resigned to make way for Marshal Patrice MacMahon as the new president.

When Ray found himself unable to subscribe as required by the ‘ Bartholomew Act ’ of 1662 he, along with 13 other college fellows, resigned his fellowship on 24 August 1662

Though he resigned the position the following year, and entertained the idea of taking up conducting posts elsewhere, he based himself increasingly in Vienna and soon made his home there.

In 1869 he resigned his pastorate to devote himself to literature.

The apparently genial Moríñigo soon proved himself a shrewd politician with a mind of his own, and the Liberals resigned within a few weeks when they realized that they would not be able to impose their will on him.

In May 1045, Benedict IX resigned his office to pursue marriage, selling his office to his godfather, the pious priest John Gratian, who named himself Gregory VI.

However, upon seeing Brutus was with the conspirators, he covered his face with his toga and resigned himself to his fate.

After two appeals by Agnew, he finally resigned himself to the matter and a check for $ 268, 482 was turned over to Maryland State Treasurer William S. James in early 1983.

Had Agnew remained as Vice President when Nixon resigned just 10 months later, Agnew himself would have become the 38th President, as well as a strong candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in 1976, both of which instead went to Ford.

While Bragg resigned himself and his army to the siege of the Union Army of the Cumberland in Chattanooga, Longstreet devised a strategy to prevent reinforcement and a lifting of the siege by Grant.

Zurita resigned these posts on the January 21, 1571, obtained a sinecure at Zaragoza, and dedicated himself wholly to the composition of his Anales de la Corona de Aragón, the first part of which had appeared in 1562 ; he lived to see the last volume printed at Zaragoza on the April 22, 1580, and died on the November 3 following.

In 1858, within a few months of beginning his studies with Balakirev, Mussorgsky resigned his commission to devote himself entirely to music.

Given the grim circumstances, Chiang's staff and even Chiang himself also resigned themselves to this reality.

Octavian himself resigned shortly after, allowing the appointment of a second pair of suffect consuls ( the original consuls for the year, Caesar's legate Aulus Hirtius and Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, had died fighting on the Senate's side of the first civil war to follow Caesar's death, that between the Senate and Mark Antony himself ).

On the other hand, Gandhi had repeatedly refused to cooperate with his own security and had resigned himself to a violent death which he accepted as an inevitable part of his destiny and life.

After playing a role in overthrowing two presidents, Remón resigned his commission and became president himself in 1952.

At this point Lloyd George resigned, and on 5 December 1916, no longer enjoying the support of the press or of leading Conservatives, Asquith himself resigned, declining to serve under any other Prime Minister ( Balfour or Bonar Law having been mooted as potential new leaders of the coalition ).