With the coming of the Mamluks in 1250, the city's walls were demolished, and were subsequently rebuilt during the rule of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1250, with the coming to power of the Mamluks under Rukn al-Din Baibars, tolerance of Christianity declined ; the clergies left the city, and in 1263 the town walls were demolished.

In 1250 slave soldiers, known as the Mamluks, seized control of Egypt and like many of their predecessors established Cairo as the capital of their new dynasty.

* 1250 – The Bahri dynasty of Mamluks seize power in Egypt.

In 1517, the Turkish Ottoman Empire under Selim I conquered Jerusalem from the Mamluks who had held it since 1250.

* Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, an Egyptian sultanate ruled by Mamluks that existed between 1250 and 1517, and included Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz.

The king delayed his retreat too long and was captured by the Mamluks in March 1250, and agreed to a ransom of 400, 000 livres ( 150, 000 of which were never paid ).

Fearing for their positions of power, the Bahri Mamluks revolted against the sultan and killed him in April 1250.

The reign of the Mamluks ( 1250 – 1517 AD ) marked a breathtaking flowering of Islamic art which is most visible in old Cairo.

Mamluk history is divided into two periods based on different dynastic lines: the Bahri Mamluks ( 1250 – 1382 ) of Qipchaq Turkic origin from southern Russia, named after the location of their barracks on the Nile and the Burji Mamluks ( 1382 – 1517 ) of Caucasian Circassian origin, who were quartered in the citadel.

The Mamluks took over in 1250 and rebuilt the fort in the 14th century under one of the last Mamluk sultans, Qansah al-Ghouri.

The Bahri dynasty or Bahriyya Mamluks ( al-Mamalik al-Bahariyya المماليك البحرية ) was a Mamluk dynasty of mostly Kipchak Turkic origin that ruled Egypt from 1250 to 1382 when they were succeeded by the Burji dynasty, another group of Mamluks.

The Mamluks formed one of the most powerful and wealthiest empires of the time, lasting from 1250 to 1517.

In 1250, when the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub died, the Mamluks he had owned as slaves murdered his son and heir Turanshah, and Shajar al-Durr the widow of as-Salih became the Sultana of Egypt.

In 1250, only ten years before the battle of Ain Jalut, the same Bahariyya Mamluks ( Qutuz, Baibars and Qalawun ) led Egypt against the Seventh Crusade of Louis IX King of France.

from: 1250 till: 1500 text: Mamluks

In 1250, the slave soldiers or Mamluks seized Egypt and ruled from their capital at Cairo until 1517, when they were defeated by the Ottomans.

After the death of as-Salih Ayyub during the Frankish invasion of Damietta in 1249 and the tragic murder of his heir and son Turanshah in 1250, Shajar al-Durr, the widow of as-Salih Ayyub, with the help and support of the Mamluks of her late husband, seized the throne and became the Sultana of Egypt.

In addition to his conflicts with an-Nasir Yusuf in Syria and Emir Aktai and his Mamluks in Egypt, there were threats from external forces, namely the Crusaders and Louis IX of France who were in Acre waiting for a chance to score a success against the Muslims after their humiliating defeat in Egypt in 1250 and the Mongols led by Hulagu who were starting to raid the eastern borders of the Islamic world.

Turanshah was assassinated by the Mamluks at Fariskur on May 2, 1250.

Most notably, mamluk factions seized the sultanate for themselves in Egypt and Syria in a period known as the Mamluk Sultanate ( 1250 – 1517 ).

In 1250, Mindaugas entered into an agreement with the Teutonic Order ; he consented to receive baptism ( the act took place in 1251 ) and relinquish control over some lands in western Lithuania, for which he was to receive a crown in return.

In 1250 or 1251, Mindaugas agreed to receive baptism and relinquish control over some lands in western Lithuania, in return for an acknowledgment by Pope Innocent IV as king.

According to The Institute for Research on World-Systems, Kamakura was the 4th largest city in the world in 1250 AD, with 200, 000 people, and Japan's largest, eclipsing Kyoto by 1200 AD. Yet, despite Kamakura's annihilation of Kyoto-based political and military power at the Battle of Dan-no-ura in 1185, and the failure of the Emperor to free himself from Kamakura's control during the Jōkyū War, Takahashi ( 2005 ) has questioned whether Kamakura's nationwide political hegemony actually existed.

Croydon returned to civilian control in February 1946 ; a diagram in the issue of Flight dated 11 April shows 1250 yards ground run in the 170-350 direction, 1150 yards 060-240 and 1100 yards 120-300.

The island is also the site to two great battles for the control of the Isle of Man in 1250 and 1275, when England, Scotland and the Manx were fighting for control of the island.

* 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.

* List of the kings of Egypt from the Temple of Ramesses II ( 1250 BC )

Subsequently, the Druze chiefs of the Gharb placed their considerable military experience at the disposal of the Mamluk rulers of Egypt ( 1250 – 1516 ); first, to assist them in putting an end to what remained of Crusader rule in coastal Syria, and later to help them safeguard the Syrian coast against Crusader retaliation by sea.

** Arab Egypt: 639 to 1250

** Mamluk Egypt: 1250 to 1517

However, his piety does not seem to have matched that of his brother ( Jean de Joinville relates a tale of Louis catching him gambling on the voyage from Egypt to Acre ) and he returned with his brother Alphonse in May 1250.

# Robert ( 25 September 1216 – 9 February 1250, killed in Battle of Al Mansurah, Egypt )

Under Saladin and the Ayyubids of Egypt, the power of the mamluks increased until they claimed the sultanate in 1250, ruling as the Mamluk Sultanate.

* 1250 Shajar al-Durr ( al-Salih Ayyub's Widow de facto ruler of Egypt )

The most flourishing period of Kurdish power was probably during the 12th century, when the great Saladin, who belonged to the Rawendi branch of the Hadabani ( or Adiabene ) tribe, founded the Ayyubite ( 1171 – 1250 ) dynasty of Syria, and Kurdish chieftainships were established, not only to the west of the Kurdistan mountains in Syria, but as far away as Egypt and Yemen.

In December 1250, he attacked Egypt after hearing of al-Mu ' azzam Turan-Shah's death and the ascension of Shajar al-Durr.

*** Arab Egypt ( 639 to 1250 )

*** Mamluk Egypt ( 1250 to 1517 )

# John Tristan ( 1250 – 3 August 1270 ), born in Egypt on his father's first Crusade and died in Tunisia on his second

The Mamluk state, which ruled Egypt and Syria from 1250 to 1516 CE, introduced the practice of appointing four chief qadis, one for each of the Sunni legal schools ( madhhabs ).

From 1250 Egypt had been ruled by the Turkish Mamluk Bahri dynasty.

* 1250 Shajar al-Durr ( al-Salih Ayyub's Widow de facto ruler of Egypt )