Heidenstam was born in 1859, of a prosperous family.

On October 31, 1859, John Brown was found guilty of treason against the state of Virginia, inciting slave rebellion, and murder.

For these crimes he was sentenced to be hanged in public on Friday, December 2, 1859.

On December 2, 1859, John Brown was hanged at Charles Town, Virginia.

Lincoln rarely raised objections in the courtroom ; but in an 1859 case, where he defended a cousin Peachy Harrison, who was accused of stabbing another to death, Lincoln angrily protested the judge's decision to exclude evidence favorable to his client.

In May 1859, Lincoln purchased the Illinois Staats-Anzeiger, a German-language newspaper which was consistently supportive ; most of the state's 130, 000 German Americans voted Democratic but there was Republican support that a German-language paper could mobilize.

But political debate was cut short throughout the South with Northern abolitionist John Brown's 1859 raid at Harpers Ferry Armory in an attempt to incite slave insurrections.

The first ironclad battleship, with iron armour over a wooden hull, La Gloire, was launched by the French Navy in 1859 ; she prompted the British Royal Navy to build a counter.

The baneful influence of these antiquated principles was clearly shown in the maintenance of Königgratz-Josefstadt in 1866 as a strategic point, which was preferred to the defeat of the separated Prussian armies, and in the strange plans produced in Vienna for the campaign of 1859, and in the almost unintelligible Battle of Montebello in the same year.

Alfred Edward Housman (; 26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936 ), usually known as A. E. Housman, was an English classical scholar and poet, best known to the general public for his cycle of poems A Shropshire Lad.

The eldest of seven children, Housman was born at Valley House in Fockbury, a hamlet on the outskirts of Bromsgrove in Worcestershire, to Sarah Jane ( née Williams, married 17 Jun 1858 in Woodchester, Gloucester ) and Edward Housman ( whose family came from Lancaster ), and was baptized on 24 Apr 1859 at Christ Church, in Catshill.

In 1859, Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species was published.

Part of West Cambridge joined the new town of Belmont in 1859, and the rest of West Cambridge was renamed Arlington in 1867 ; Brighton was annexed by Boston in 1874.

Caving was pioneered by Édouard-Alfred Martel ( 1859 – 1938 ) who first achieved the descent and exploration of the Gouffre de Padirac, France as early as 1889 and the first complete descent of a 110 metre wet vertical shaft at Gaping Gill, in Yorkshire, England in 1895.

Its banner was again picked up by the Avar Imam Shamil, who fought against the Russians from 1834 until 1859.

Between 1859 and 1891, Peirce was intermittently employed in various scientific capacities by the United States Coast Survey, where he enjoyed his highly influential father's protection until the latter's death in 1880.

With the publication of Darwin's theory of evolution in 1859, the concept of a " natural system " of taxonomy gained a theoretical basis, and the idea was born that groups used in a system of classification should represent branches on the evolutionary tree of life.

The first census in Romania was carried out in 1859.

In 1859 his first painting was accepted and exhibited.

From 1859 a new design was developed for British clipper ships that was nothing like the American clippers.

On November 7, 1859, the Providence Daily Journal reprinted a letter sent to John Brown from `` E. B. '', a Quaker lady in Newport.

The history of Manx telecommunications starts in 1859, when the Isle of Man Electric Telegraph Company was formed on the island with the intention of connecting across the island by telegraph, and allowing messages to be sent onwards to the UK.

Agew Niguse was defeated by Emperor Tewodros, and the commander of a French cruiser sent to Annesley Bay in 1859 found the country in a state of anarchy.

The last attempt, the Pico Act of 1859, was passed by the California State Legislature, signed by the State governor, approved overwhelmingly by voters in the proposed Territory of Colorado and sent to Washington D. C. with a strong advocate in Senator Milton Latham.

He had been sent an advance review copy of On the Origin of Species, and wrote in his response of 18 November 1859 ( four days before the book went on sale ) that he had " long since, from watching the crossing of domesticated animals and plants, learnt to disbelieve the dogma of the permanence of species.

The town of Logan was founded in 1859 by Mormon settlers sent by Brigham Young to survey for the site of a fort near the banks of the Logan River.

The small mining town of Wales was named for the country of the immigrants that were sent there by Brigham Young in 1859 to mine the " rock that burns ".

During 1858 he was appointed a member of the first India Council, but resigned during 1859 on being sent to Persia as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary.

When Bates arrived home in 1859 after a full eleven years, he had sent back over 14, 712 species ( mostly of insects ) of which 8, 000 were new to science.

In 1856, he was sent as special envoy to the coronation of Alexander II of Russia and brought home a wife, whom he married at St. Petersburg on 7 January 1857, Princess Sofia Sergeyevna Trubetskaya ( Moscow, 25 March 1836 – 8 August 1896 ), the only daughter of Prince Sergey Vasilyevich Trubetskoy ( 1814-12 May ( 30 April Old Style ), 1859 ) and his wife Ekaterina Petrovna Mussina-Pushkina ( 1 February 1816-c. 1897 ).

The son of Shimon ( Simon Yehiel ) Velikovsky ( 1859 – 1937 ) and Beila Grodensky, he learned several languages as a child and was sent away to study at the Medvednikov Gymnasium in Moscow, where he performed well in Russian and mathematics.

In June 1859 the Queen, embarrassed by the rival ambitions of Palmerston and Russell, sent for him to form a ministry, but he was unable to do so, and Palmerston again became prime minister, with Russell as foreign secretary-and Granville once again as president of the council.

In 1859, the Shogunate sent the first diplomatic mission to the United States.

In 1859, an informal movement to establish the Territory of Jefferson was launched, with entreaties sent to the United States Congress for its official organization.

Even early on, in February 1859, Mariette dashed to Thebes to confiscate a boatload of antiquities from the nearby tomb of Queen Ahhotep I that were to have been sent to the Khedive.

On 12 May 1859, the Secretary of State for War sent out a circular letter to the public schools and Universites inviting them to form units of the Volunteer Corps.

In 1859, Schlegel sent Heinrich Agathon Bernstein to collect birds in New Guinea.

In 1857 – 58 he acted as geologist to an expedition headed by Lieutenant Joseph Christmas Ives, sent out to explore the Colorado River, and he served as naturalist on an expedition in 1859 under Captain Macombe, which explored southwestern Colorado and adjacent parts of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico, finding the remains of the dinosaur Dystrophaeus.

When on the outbreak of the war of 1859 Francis V, duke of Modena, was expelled and a provisional government set up, Farini was sent as Piedmontese commissioner to that city ; but, although recalled after the peace of Villafranca which ended the Second Italian War of Independence, he was determined on the annexation of central Italy to Sardinia / Piedmont and remained behind, becoming a Modenese citizen and dictator of the state.

In the summer of 1859, Hearst learned of the wonderful silver assays of the " blue stuff " someone had picked up over what was to become the Comstock Lode, and sent to a Nevada County assayer.

In 1859 a total of 44 children were sent to prison for failure to pay fines for playing in the street in London / Middlesex, rising to 2, 000 young people under the age of seventeen by 1935.

Working from Melbourne, he drew up the general plans and sent them to Sydney in May 1859.

In 1859 it sent £ 10 to Athens as a prize for the best runner in the longest race at the Olympic Games which was held in November that year.

The value of gold mining to the economy of the area may be seen in a single statistic: from 1859 to 1870 gold worth £ 2, 500, 000 was sent from Avoca to Melbourne.