Peasant parties first appeared across Eastern Europe between 1860 and 1910, when commercialized agriculture and world market forces disrupted traditional rural society, and the railway and growing literacy facilitated the work of roving organizers.

Alcott voted in a presidential election for the first time in 1860.

In his journal for November 6, 1860, he wrote: " At Town House, and cast my vote for Lincoln and the Republican candidates generally — the first vote I ever cast for a President and State officers.

* 1860 – The first Pony Express rider reaches Sacramento, California.

* 1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.

The first instrumental analysis was flame emissive spectrometry developed by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff who discovered rubidium ( Rb ) and caesium ( Cs ) in 1860.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

* Willem Einthoven ( 1860 – 1927 ), a physiologist who built the first practical ECG and won the 1924 Nobel prize in medicine

Daniel Barringer ( 1860 – 1929 ) was one of the first to identify an impact crater, Meteor Crater in Arizona ; to crater specialists the site is referred to as Barringer Crater in his honor.

* 1860 – The first ever inter-club football match takes place between Hallam F. C.

* 1860 – South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States.

* 1860 – The first British seagoing iron-clad warship, HMS Warrior is launched.

The most significant figure of the era, however, was General José María Urbina, who first came to power in 1851 through a coup d ' état, remained in the presidency until 1856, and then continued to dominate the political scene until 1860.

The first few chapters of the novel, dealing with the discovery of Erewhon, are in fact based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand where, as a young man, he worked as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station for about four years ( 1860 – 1864 ) and explored parts of the interior of the South Island of which he wrote about in his A First Year in Canterbury Settlement ( 1863 ).

After an initial unsuccessful visit to leading doctors in Harley Street, Elizabeth decided to first spend six months as a hospital nurse at Middlesex Hospital, London in 1860.

The first chips fried in the UK were on the site of Oldham's Tommyfield Market in 1860.

* 1908 – John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow, first Governor-General of Australia ( b. 1860 )

( The adjective genetic, derived from the Greek word genesis — γένεσις, " origin ", predates the noun and was first used in a biological sense in 1860.

* Artificial Paradises by Charles Baudelaire ; first edition 1860

Friedrich August Kekulé von StradonitzThe need for an international standard for chemistry was first addressed in 1860 by a committee headed by German scientist Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz.

As the first building on campus, the Farm House was built in 1860 before campus was occupied by students or even classrooms.

After finishing the 1859 – 1860 theatre season in Richmond, Virginia, Booth embarked on his first national tour as a leading actor.

* Charles Dickens ' novel, Great Expectations ( first published in serial form in the publication All the Year Round from 1 December 1860 to August 1861 ), contains a reference in chapter 48 to a couple having been married " over the broomstick.

The new Republican Party, which was created in opposition to the act, aimed to stop the expansion of slavery and soon emerged as the dominant political party in the North, electing its first president, Abraham Lincoln, in 1860.

With the war against Spain ( 1859 – 1860 ) came direct involvement in European affairs — although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed in the Conference of Madrid ( 1880 ), the French gained ever greater influence.

Private investors financed and built transportation systems like sailing ships, paddle steamers ( after 1830 ), steam ships ( after 1860 ), refrigerator ships ( after 1890 ), toll roads ( after 1700 ), canals ( after 1760 ), railroads ( after 1830 ) allowed people, goods, foods and animal crops to be gathered and shipped cheaply and with increasing rapidity over ever increasing distances.

Rossetti's influence still persisted, and is visible, more strongly perhaps than ever before, in the two watercolours of 1860, Sidonia von Bork and Clara von Bork.

The French had no doubts, as the critic Théophile Gautier wrote in 1860, that Veronese was the greatest colorist who ever lived — greater than Titian, Rubens, or Rembrandt because he established the harmony of natural tones in place of the modeling in dark and light that remained the method of academic chiaroscuro.

An 1860 essay collection, Historical Pictures Retouched, by Caroline Healey Dall, called Fuller's Woman in the Nineteenth Century " doubtless the most brilliant, complete, and scholarly statement ever made on the subject ".

While St Clement's was spared, the 19th century saw many other City churches being destroyed, particularly following the Union of Benefices Act ( 1860 ), which sought to speed-up the reduction in the number of City parishes as a response to rapidly declining congregations ; the result of the resident population moving in ever larger numbers from cramped City conditions to the more spacious suburbs.

With the war against Spain ( 1859 – 1860 ) came direct involvement in European affairs — although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed in the Conference of Madrid ( 1880 ), the French gained ever greater influence.

European settlement of the region progressed slowly until 1860, when the mountains became the focus of the largest gold rush ever to occur in Southern California.

Two years after the debates, and during his presidential campaign, Lincoln received the first honorary doctorate ever conferred by Knox College — a Doctor of Laws degree, announced at the commencement exercises of 5 July 1860.

In 2006 a 135-year vertical ( containing every vintage from 1860 to 2003 ) was sold by The Antique Wine Company in London for $ 1. 5 million, one of the highest prices ever paid for a single lot of wine.

In 1894, while box office manager of the Phoenix Opera House in Waukegan, Illinois, George K. Spoor teamed with inventor Edward Hill Amet ( 1860 – 1948 ) to build and exhibit The Magniscope, the first practical 35mm movie projector ever designed and used in a large audience display.

He had been promoted to be major in 1860, but retired from active service on 3 Oct. 1862 owing to the chronic ill health he had suffered ever since the Crimean War.

In 1860, Carlo Lavena bought the cafè and it has remained in his family ever since.

In 1860, Begbie found a white Californian man by the name of William Marshall guilty of assaulting a First Nations man based only on the testimony of First Nations people, the first time this had ever occurred.

The equestrian statue of Richard the Lionheart was displayed in the Great Exhibition, and a bronze copy was made in 1860 to be displayed in front of the Palace of Westminster, where it has remained ever since.

These devices became commonplace around the world, but Mochdre was the first place they were ever used, around October 1860.

The School has a history which dates back to the first ever school of nursing opened by Florence Nightingale at St. Thomas ' Hospital on 9 July 1860.