The counting of possible isomers for diderivatives was however criticized by Albert Ladenburg, a former student of Kekulé, who argued that Kekulé's 1865 structure implied two distinct " ortho " structures, depending on whether the substituted carbons are separated by a single or a double bond.

* 1865 — Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz realized that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring.

The cyclohexatriene structure for benzene was first proposed by August Kekulé in 1865.

In 1865 the ' Rules of the Eglinton Castle and Cassiobury Croquet ' was published by Edmund Routledge.

In 1865 Robert Roberts published a collection of Scottish psalms and hymns called The Golden Harp ( which was subtitled " Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs, compiled for the use of Immersed Believers in ' The Things concerning the Kingdom of God and the Name of Jesus Christ '").

Major works of history were published in 1847 and 1865.

The idea of particulate inheritance of genes can be attributed to the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel who published his work on pea plants in 1865.

Typically used to refer to a living organism, the concept came from that of milieu intérieur that was created by Claude Bernard and published in 1865.

Claude Bernard aimed at establishing scientific method in medicine ; he published An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine in 1865.

* 1865 – Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published.

This theoretical framework was initially derived from the work of Gregor Johann Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was re-discovered in 1900 ; it was initially very controversial.

He described these principles in a two-part paper, Experiments on Plant Hybridization, that he read to the Natural History Society of Brno on February 8 and March 8, 1865, and which was published in 1866.

This highly inventive, blackly humorous tale, told entirely in rhymed couplets, was written and illustrated by Wilhelm Busch and published in 1865.

* 1865 – Mark Twain's short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County is published in the New York Saturday Press.

The proprietor of the latter, Benjamin Grant, also published the St Helena Advertiser ( 1865 – 1866 ).

" old stone ," coined by archaeologist John Lubbock and published in 1865 ) is the earliest division of the Stone Age.

In 1875, Frederick Hazleton's c. 1865 dramatic adaptation Sweeney Todd, the Barber of Fleet Street: or the String of Pearls ( see below ) was published as Vol 102 of Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays.

Jules Verne, in From the Earth to the Moon, published in 1865, wrote " there will some day appear velocities far greater than these the planets and the projectile, of which light or electricity will probably be the mechanical agent ... we shall one day travel to the moon, the planets, and the stars.

* Online E-book of Arte de la Lengua Tagala y Manual Tagalog by Sebastián de Totanes published in Binondo, Manila in 1865.

; 1865: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published.

Between 1861 and 1865, James Clerk Maxwell developed and published Maxwell's equations which explained and united all of classical electricity and magnetism.

These texts were followed by the 1844 work, A General View of Positivism ( published in English in 1865 ).

The French adaptation of the libretto was published in 1865.

One of his first picture stories, Max and Moritz ( published in 1865 ), was an immediate success and has achieved the status of a popular classic and perennial bestseller.

Famous illustrators for British editions include: Arthur Boyd Houghton, John Tenniel, John Everett Millais and George John Pinwell for Dalziel's Illustrated Arabian Nights Entertainments, published in 1865 ; Walter Crane for Aladdin's Picture Book ( 1876 ); Albert Letchford for the 1897 edition of Burton ’ s translation ; Edmund Dulac for Stories from the Arabian Nights ( 1907 ), Princess Badoura ( 1913 ) and Sindbad the Sailor & Other Tales from the Arabian Nights ( 1914 ).

Alice was published in 1865, three years after the Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed in a boat, on 4 July 1862, up the Isis with the three young daughters of Henry Liddell ( the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University and Dean of Christ Church ): Lorina Charlotte Liddell ( aged 13, born 1849 ) (" Prima " in the book's prefatory verse ); Alice Pleasance Liddell ( aged 10, born 1852 ) (" Secunda " in the prefatory verse ); Edith Mary Liddell ( aged 8, born 1853 ) (" Tertia " in the prefatory verse ).

Although Gregor Mendel had published his article on the genetics of peas in 1865, Mendel's paper was largely forgotten for more than a generation – not rediscovered by other scientists until 1899.

During the American Civil War of 1861 – 1865, some soldiers pinned paper notes with their name and home address to the backs of their coats.

In his paper " Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden " (" Experiments on Plant Hybridization "), presented in 1865 to the Naturforschender Verein ( Society for Research in Nature ) in Brünn, Mendel traced the inheritance patterns of certain traits in pea plants and described them mathematically.

He was the first-born child of Frank W. Hawks ( 1865 – 1950 ), a wealthy paper manufacturer, and his wife, Helen Howard ( 1872 – 1952 ), the daughter of a wealthy industrialist.

The first derivation of the Lorentz force is commonly attributed to Oliver Heaviside in 1889, although other historians suggest an earlier origin in an 1865 paper by James Clerk Maxwell.

He completed Maxwell's set of equations in his later 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field and demonstrated the fact that light is an electromagnetic wave.

The paper has served Dyersburg and Northwest Tennessee since 1865.

Smart's paper mill was erected about 1847 or 1848 by Staats D. Tompkins, who sold it about 1865 to Eugene Merwin and John W. Merwin.

Daniel Mathias ( D. M .) Bare laid out Roaring Spring's first 50 building lots in 1865 after he and two partners decided to locate the region's first paper mill near the spring.

Daniel Mathias ( D. M .) Bare laid out Roaring Spring's first 50 building lots in 1865 after he and two partners decided to locate the region's first paper mill near the spring.

Spring Grove is home to the Glatfelter paper mill, established in 1865.

The paper has served Dyersburg and Northwest Tennessee since 1865.

He cited Mendel's 1865 and 1869 papers in the bibliography that accompanied his 1892 paper, " Cross Breeding and Hybridizing.

Mendel read his paper to the Natural History Society of Brünn ( Brno ) on February 8 and March 8, 1865.

Today's major local industry had its start in 1865 when the first paper mill was built.

After Brownlow was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1865, publication of the Whig was turned over to his son, John Bell Brownlow, although the elder Brownlow continued to write for the paper.

The last edition of the paper is dated 16 September 1865.

In his 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field Maxwell used this amended version of Ampère's Circuital Law to derive the electromagnetic wave equation.

When it came to deriving the electromagnetic wave equation from displacement current in his 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, he got around the problem of the non-zero divergence associated with Gauss's law and dielectric displacement by eliminating the Gauss term and deriving the wave equation exclusively for the solenoidal magnetic field vector.

In 1863 he was treasurer of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, he contributed a paper on the " Oology of Australia " to the Philosophical Society in July 1865, and when this society was merged into the Royal Society of New South Wales, he was made a life member in recognition of the work he had done for the Philosophical Society.

The origin, organization, and influence of the towns of New England: a paper read before the Massachusetts Historical Society, December 14, 1865, ( Cambridge, 1867 ) ( online version )

He is best known for inventing an improved form of direct-current electrical generator, or dynamo, which he described in a paper published in Il Nuovo Cimento of 1865.

Originally a weekly paper, the Deseret News became a semi-weekly in October 1865, and was named the Deseret Evening News.