* 1949 – U. S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act Amendment, streamlining the defense agencies of the United States government, and replacing the Department of War with the United States Department of Defense.

This combination first appeared in 1949, and is ascribed to Gustave Tops, a Belgian barman, who created it at the Hotel Metropole in Brussels in honor of Perle Mesta, then U. S. ambassador to Luxembourg.

After the 1778 alliance with France, the U. S. did not sign another permanent treaty until the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949.

By 1949 the U. S. and Britain agreed that West Germany had to be rearmed to strengthen the defenses of Western Europe against a possible Soviet invasion.

Alan Turing searched for them on the Manchester Mark 1 in 1949, but the first successful identification of a Mersenne prime, M < sub > 521 </ sub >, by this means was achieved at 10: 00 P. M. on January 30, 1952 using the U. S. National Bureau of Standards Western Automatic Computer ( SWAC ) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis at the University of California, Los Angeles, under the direction of Lehmer, with a computer search program written and run by Prof. R. M.

The withdrawal of most U. S. forces from South Korea in June 1949 left the southern government defended only by a weak and inexperienced South Korean army.

Washington, D. C .: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1949.

* 1949 – Eleven leaders of the American Communist Party are convicted, after a nine-month trial in a Federal District Court, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U. S. Federal Government.

* 1949 – Laurie McBain, U. S. American novelist.

* In 1950 Menzies was awarded the Legion of Merit ( Chief Commander ) by U. S. President Harry S. Truman for " exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services 1941 – 1944 and December 1949 – July 1950 ".

Only two 1949 models were sold in America that year, convincing Volkswagen chairman Heinrich Nordhoff the car had no future in the U. S. ( The Type 1 went on to become an automotive phenomenon.

* Operation Dropshot, an all-out U. S. war with the Soviet Union, is expected to be triggered by the Soviet takeover of Western Europe, the Near East and parts of Eastern Asia, as it was anticipated in 1949.

* Frank Lautenberg, BS 1949, U. S. Senator from New Jersey

In 1949, early in the Cold War, alleging Communist domination of the WFTU's central institutions, a large number of non-communist national trade union federations ( including the U. S. AFL-CIO, the British TUC, the French FO, the Italian CISL and the Spanish UGT ) seceded and created the rival ICFTU at a conference in London attended by representatives of nearly 48 million members in 53 countries.

* The Fan ( U. S .) also known as Lady Windermere's Fan ( UK ) ( 1949 )

From 1947 – 1949, he attended Texarkana Junior College, then entered the U. S. Naval Academy in 1949 and helped establish its honor system.

Carlo Pietro Giovanni Guglielmo Tebaldo Ponzi, ( March 3, 1882 – January 18, 1949 ), commonly known as Charles Ponzi, was an Italian businessman and con artist in the U. S. and Canada.

Murder at the Windmill ( 1949 ), ( known in the U. S. A. as " Mystery at the Burlesque ") directed by Val Guest is set at the Windmill Theatre, London and features Diana Decker, Jon Pertwee and Jimmy Edwards.

Justice Douglas, dissenting in Wheeling Steel Corp. v. Glander ( 337 U. S. 562, 1949 ), gave an opinion similar to, but shorter than, the one quoted above, to which Justice Black concurred.

The U. S. National Book Award was reestablished in 1950 with awards by the book industry to authors of 1949 books in three categories.

Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with NBC ; in 1949, WKY-TV went on the air and became the first independently-owned television station in the U. S. to broadcast in color.

The 1950 Crosley Hot Shot is often given credit for the first U. S. production disc brakes but the Chrysler Crown Imperial actually had them first as standard equipment at the beginning of the 1949 model year.

De jure, the German Reich did not cease to exist in 1945, but after four years of Allied occupation, three German states were formed inside of Germany as a whole in 1949: the Federal Republic of Germany ( then commonly known as West Germany ) in the former U. S., and British zones of occupation, the Saar in French zone, until 1957, when it joined the FRG, and the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) in the former Soviet Zone.

Divorced from Paramount Pictures at the end of 1949 by the U. S. Supreme Court decision United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc., UPT was cash-rich and controlled much valuable real estate.

Since the great flood of these dystopias has appeared only in the last twelve years, it seems fairly reasonable to assume that the chief impetus was the 1949 publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, an assumption which is supported by the frequent echoes of such details as Room 101, along with education by conditioning from Brave New World, a book to which science-fiction writers may well have returned with new interest after reading the more powerful Orwell dystopia.

In 1949 the Council of Europe came into existence, a purely consultative parliamentary body but the first organ of political rather than functional unity.

The revolution in jazz that took place around 1949, the evolution from the `` bebop '' school of Dizzy Gillespie to the `` cool '' sound of Miles Davis and Lennie Tristano, Lee Konitz, and the whole legend of Charlie Parker, had made an impression on many academic and literary men.

After the Berlin blockade and airlift, the Council of Foreign Ministers in 1949 declared a purpose `` to mitigate the effects of the present administrative division of Germany and of Berlin ''.

The Armed Forces Medical Publication Agency, established in 1949, has published, since January 1950, The United States Armed Forces Medical Journal as a triservice publication to furnish material of professional interest to Medical Department officers of the three military services.

These publications replaced the U. S. Naval Medical Bulletin, published continuously from 1907 through 1959, as well as the Navy's Hospital Corps Quarterly and the Bulletin of the U. S. Army Medical Department, published from 1922 to 1949.

Here the New York Central Railroad, one of the Nation's most important carriers, has alone lost 47.6 percent of its passengers since 1949.

Hunter and fisherman visits since 1949 have increased 8 times faster than the nationwide sale of hunting and fishing licenses.

Oddly enough, this is an amulet against housebreakers, presented to the mem and me by a local rajah in 1949.

This was followed by a comprehensive series of observations of the 1.25-cm emission of the moon over three lunar cycles by Piddington and Minnett ( 1949 ).

The variation in the 3-cm emission of the moon during a lunation is very much less than the variation in the 8.6-mm emission, as would be expected from the explanation of Piddington and Minnett ( 1949 ).

Albert ( 1949 ) has concluded that the most active preparations of TSH made during this period, from 1931 to 1945, were probably about 100 to 300 times as potent as the starting material.

Much of this work has been reviewed by White ( 1944 ) and by Albert ( 1949 ).

From March 3 to May 1, 1949, the patient was maintained on dexamethasone, 3 to 6 mg. daily.

State and local expenditures ( in real terms ) increased persistently from $26.5-billion in 1949 to $44.3-billion in 1959, and it would not be surprising if they showed a comparable increase in this decade, which would carry them to the neighborhood of $75-billion by 1970.

He began his coaching career at Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School in 1949.

Since 1949, the St. Louis club has been below on May 1 just four times.

The '52 Cards were 6-7 on May 1 but ended with 88 triumphs, the club's top since 1949.

Since 1949, the only National League club that got off to a hot start and made a runaway of the race was the '55 Dodger team.

In 1949 the Dixiecrats escaped unscathed after their 1948 rebellion against Harry Truman, and in 1957, after Congressman Adam Clayton Powell campaigned for Dwight Eisenhower in 1956, his fellow Democrats did not touch his committee assignments, although they did strip him temporarily of his patronage.

Over his long and successful career spanning over 50 years, he directed over 400 motion pictures, many of them highly acclaimed, such as the 1949 box office smash, Sands of Iwo Jima.

In 1949, Camus founded the Group for International Liaisons within the Revolutionary Union Movement after his split with Garry Davis ' movement Citizens of the World, which the surrealist André Breton was also a member.

There is certainly a case for saying that Crooked House ( 1949 ) and Ordeal by Innocence ( 1957 ), which are not Poirot novels at all but so easily could have been, represent a logical endpoint of the general diminution of Poirot himself within the Poirot sequence.

* 1874 – Cyriel Verschaeve, Flemish clergyman ( d. 1949 )

A bridge was first completed here in 1887, replaced by another structure in 1949, and subsequently replaced with the current bridge which was completed in 2008.