Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian calendar in 45 BC giving it its modern length of 31 days.

The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its members: Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Augustus in 31 BC.

Actium is chiefly famous as the site of Octavian's decisive victory over Mark Antony ( September 2, 31 BC ).

The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the city of Actium, at the Roman province of Epirus vetus in Greece.

Indeed, military operations began in 31 BC, when Octavian's general Agrippa captured Methone, a Greek town allied to Antony.

The two fleets met outside the Gulf of Actium ( Today Preveza city, Greece ), on the morning of 2 September 31 BC.

Despite a victory at Alexandria on 31 July 30 BC, more of Mark Antony's men deserted, leaving him with insufficient forces to fight Octavian.

Category: 31 BC

The Chauvet Cave in the Ardèche Departments of France contains the most important preserved cave paintings of the Paleolithic era, painted around 31, 000 BC.

The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula ( also known as Gaius ), Claudius, and Nero, or the family to which they belonged ; they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century ( 44 / 31 / 27 ) BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

Disagreement between Octavian and Antony erupted into civil war, the final war of the Roman Republic, in 31 BC.

In 31 BC, the war started.

:: B. Livilla, 13 BC – 31 AD, had three children

According to Josephus, a 1st-century Jewish Roman historian, Herod the Great fortified Masada between 37 and 31 BC as a refuge for himself in the event of a revolt.

* 31 BC – Final War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium – off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra.

One of Sappho's poems ( fragment 31 ) was famously translated by the 1st century BC Roman poet Catullus in his " Ille mi par esse deo videtur " (" He seems to me to be equal to a god ") ( Catullus 51 ).

The biographical tradition says that Virgil and Maecenas took turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.

Year 31 BC was either a common year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday or Wednesday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ, see leap year error for further information ) and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar.

The denomination 31 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

tl: 31 BC

* The Hellenistic period ends, according to some scholars ( usual date 31 BC ).

* Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC – 9 AD

* 31 BC: Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium — Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra.

* Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC – 9 AD

The Aeneid is full of prophecies about the future of Rome, the deeds of Augustus, his ancestors, and famous Romans, and the Carthaginian Wars ; the shield of Aeneas even depicts Augustus ' victory at Actium in 31 BC.

la: Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus ( consul 31 a. C. n.

Her grandmother was possibly Valeria Messalina ( not to be confused with the third wife of the emperor Claudius ), a daughter of Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus, consul in 31 BC.

During the period from 1 July 1960 through 31 January 1961, the Medical Museum was required to move to Temporary Building `` S '' on the Mall from Chase Hall.

On October 31, 1859, John Brown was found guilty of treason against the state of Virginia, inciting slave rebellion, and murder.

Mrs. Hengesbach was killed on Aug. 31, 1958.

The D Minor Sonata, Op. 31 No. 2, introduced by dynamically shaped arpeggios, was most engaging in its moments of quasi-recitative -- single lines in which the fingers seemed to be feeling their way toward the idea to come.

It contained approximately 1 mile ( 1. 6 km ) of wire, 280 dual-triode vacuum tubes, 31 thyratrons, and was about the size of a desk.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

The notorious guard Sejanus was murdered in 31 on the orders of Tiberius.

Andrew Johnson ( December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875 ) was the 17th President of the United States ( 1865 – 1869 ).

In Berkshire, a successful skirmish at the Battle of Englefield on 31 December 870 was followed by a severe defeat at the siege and Battle of Reading by Ivar's brother Halfdan Ragnarsson on 5 January 871 ; then, four days later, Alfred won a brilliant victory at the Battle of Ashdown on the Berkshire Downs, possibly near Compton or Aldworth.

Alessandro Algardi ( 31 July 1598 – 10 June 1654 ) was an Italian high-Baroque sculptor active almost exclusively in Rome, where for the latter decades of his life, he was the major rival of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Alessandro di Cristofano di Lorenzo del Bronzino Allori ( 31 May 1535 – 22 September 1607 ) was an Italian portrait painter of the late Mannerist Florentine school.

But there are smaller snippets of tradition preserved in the Historia Brittonum: in Chapter 31, we are told that Vortigern ruled in fear of Ambrosius ; later, in Chapter 66, various events are dated from a Battle of Guoloph ( often identified with Wallop, ESE of Amesbury near Salisbury ), which is said to have been between Ambrosius and Vitolinus ; lastly, in Chapter 48, it is said that Pascent, the son of Vortigern, was granted rule over the regions of Buellt and Gwrtheyrnion by Ambrosius.

The Diamondbacks ' first major league game was played against the Colorado Rockies on March 31, 1998, at Bank One Ballpark before a standing-room only crowd of 50, 179.

The move was seen by some fans as a belated attempt by the D ' Backs to counter the trade by their division rival, the Los Angeles Dodgers, for Boston Red Sox power-hitting OF Manny Ramirez on July 31 and also to compensate for the injuries to Hudson and Byrnes, generally considered two of the more " power-hitting " Diamondbacks on a team which has relied heavily on pitching and defense in recent years.

On August 31, the Diamondbacks acquired former World Series MVP David Eckstein to fill the hole at second base which was opened after Orlando Hudson was placed on the disabled list.

An early season in which Roma made a large mark was the 1930 – 31 championship, the club finished as runners-up behind Juventus.

On the good side, the TV income was increased from € 75, 150, 744 to € 78, 041, 642 as well as gate income increased, from € 23, 821, 218 to € 31, 017, 179.

Articolo 31 was a popular band from Milan, Italy, melding hip hop, funk, pop and traditional Italian musical forms.

Articolo 31 was one of the first hip hop groups in Italy, releasing one of the first Italian hip hop records, Strade di città, in 1993.

During the process of the enlargement of the European Union, the acquis was divided into 31 chapters for the purpose of negotiation between the EU and the candidate member states for the fifth enlargement ( the ten that joined in 2004 plus Romania and Bulgaria which joined in 2007 ).

The population at the 2001 census was 31, 705 ( ranked 13th largest in Wales ).