The Phoenician letter names, in which each letter was associated with a word that begins with that sound, continue to be used to varying degrees in Samaritan, Aramaic, Syriac, Hebrew, Greek and Arabic.

These can range from simple spelling changes and word forms to switching the entire writing system itself, as when Turkey switched from the Arabic alphabet to a Turkish alphabet of Latin origin.

In popular usage, abjads often contain the word " alphabet " in their names, such as " Arabic alphabet " and " Phoenician alphabet ".

The name " abjad " is derived from the Arabic word for alphabet.

In Arabic, " A " (), " B " (), "" (), " D " () make the word " abjad " which means " alphabet ".

The word used in the Arabic language for allegiance is bay ' at ( Arabic: بيعة ), which means " taking hand ".

Hazred could come from the Persian or Arabic word " Hazrat " meaning Great Lord with a twist that makes it sound like " red " and " hazard " both indicative of danger.

The English word amber derives from the Arabic anbar, via Medieval Latin ambar and Old French ambre.

Known to the Iranians by the Pahlavi compound word kah-ruba ( from kah “ straw ” plus rubay “ attract, snatch ,” referring to its electrical properties ), which entered Arabic as kahraba ' or kahraba, it too was called amber in Europe ( Old French and Middle English ambre ).

The modern name for amber is thought to come from the Arabic word, ambar, meaning ambergris.

Both printed and written Arabic are cursive, with most of the letters within a word directly connected to the adjacent letters.

The word " alkali " is derived from Arabic al qalīy ( or alkali ), meaning the calcined ashes ( see calcination ), referring to the original source of alkaline substances.

The word assassin is often believed to derive from the word Hashshashin ( Persian: حش ّ اشين, ħashshāshīyīn, also Hashishin, Hashashiyyin, or Assassins ), and shares its etymological roots with hashish ( or ; from Arabic: ).

The name boron originates from the Arabic word buraq or the Persian word burah ; which are names for the mineral borax.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word " barroco ", Spanish " barroco ", or French " baroque ", all of which refer to a " rough or imperfect pearl ", though whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or some other source is uncertain.

The word alchemy in turn is derived from the Arabic word al-kīmīā ( الكيمياء ), meaning alchemy.

The word " cipher " in former times meant " zero " and had the same origin: Middle French as < span lang =" fr "> cifre </ span > and Medieval Latin as cifra, from the Arabic صفر ṣifr = zero ( see Zero — Etymology ).

Dr. Al-Kadi concluded that the Arabic word sifr, for the digit zero, developed into the European technical term for encryption.

Like several other stars such as Denebola and Deneb, it is named for the Arabic word for " tail " ( deneb ); its traditional name means " the tail of the kid ".

The traditional names of α Capricorni come from the Arabic word for " the kid ", which references the constellation's mythology.

However Abdul is a common Arabic prefix meaning " Servant of the " and " Al " is Arabic for " the ", and if " hazra " means " he prohibited ", " he fenced in " or " Great Lord ", then the name would mean " Servant of the Prohibited ", " Servant of the Fenced in ", or " Servant of the Great Lord " which would make sense considering his role, even if it is not a proper Arabic name.

The name Ardipithecus ramidus stems mostly from the Afar language, in which Ardi means " ground / floor " ( borrowed from the Semitic root in either Amharic or Arabic ) and ramid means " root ".

The term " Almoravid " comes from the Arabic " al-Murabitun " () which is the plural form of " al-Murabit " literally meaning " One who is tying " but figuratively means " one who is ready for battle at a fortress ".

In Arabic, the name ' Abd Allah ' means " servant of Allah ".

For instance, while the Hebrew word chutzpah means " impudence ," its Arabic cognate ḥaṣāfah means " sound judgment ;" even more contradictorily, the English word black and Polish biały, meaning white, both derive from the PIE, meaning, " to burn or shine.

When the Greek astronomer Ptolemy's Almagest was translated from Greek to Arabic, the translator Johannitius ( following Alberuni ) did not know the Greek word and rendered it as the nearest-looking Arabic word, writing العصى ذات الكلاب in ordinary unvowelled Arabic text " al -` aşā dhāt al-kullāb ", which means " the spearshaft having a hook ".

The word derives from the Arabic, which means " successor " or " representative ".

In Maltese the word is L-Għid, where " Għ " stands for the common Semitic consonant Ayin, and is directly derived from Arabic ʿĪd, which in both cases means " festival ".

The name Zul-Kifl would mean " One of double ", as Kifl in Arabic means " double ".

The name El Cid () comes from the article el ( which means " the " in both Spanish and Arabic ), and the dialectal Arabic word سيد sîdi or sayyid, which means " Lord " or " The Master ".

Another theory by Alauddin Samarrai suggests an Arabic origin, from fuyū ( the plural of fay, which literally means " the returned ", and was used especially for ' land that has been conquered from enemies that did not fight ').

The English word guitar, the German, and the French were adopted from the Spanish, which comes from the Andalusian Arabic, itself derived from the Latin, which in turn came from the Ancient Greek, and is thought to ultimately trace back to the Old Persian language Tar, which means string in Persian.

This was underlined by Sheikh Abdul Mohsen Al-Obeikan, vice-minister of Justice of Saudi Arabia, in an interview with the Arabic daily Asharq Al-Awsat, as recently as on July 9, 2006, in a discussion of the legal value of a fatwā by the Islamic Fiqh Academy ( IFA ) on the subject of misyar marriage, which had been rendered by IFA on April 12, 2006.

An Arabic manuscript from the 13th century depicting Socrates ( Soqrāt ) in discussion with his pupils.

The Maschom Watch observers said that they did not hear the discussion between the violinist and the soldiers and did not speak Arabic, which Tayam speaks.

A Persian geographer of the 9th century ( Ibn Khordadbeh ), mentioned in his lexicographical discussion of music instruments that Byzantines typically used urghun ( organ ), shilyani ( probably a type of harp or lyre ), şalandj ( probably a bagpipe ) and the bowed lyra ( Greek: λύρα-lūrā ) ( lyre ), an instrument similar to the Arabic Rabab.

In Arabic, the word Kalām means " words, discussion, discourse.

The primary sources include: the narrative of Job ben Solomon, the two autobiographical pieces of Muhammad Said of Bornu, the Arabic autobiography of ' Umar ibn Said, the Jamaican narrative of Abu Bakr Said, a discussion of coverage on Bilali Muhammad's excerpts from the Risalah of Abi Zaid, Theodore Dwight's articles on the teaching methods of the Serachule teacher slave Lamen Kebe, and a letter describing Salih Bilali.

In Arabic translations, his name has appeared as Abdullah ( عبدالله الحظرد ): Arabic حظر = " he fenced in ", " he prohibited ".

Contemporaries frequently referred to them as the al-mulathimun (" the veiled ones ", from litham, Arabic for " veil ").

Descendants with origins from Anah are commonly referred to as " Alanie ", literally meaning " the one from Anah " in Arabic.

This is not to be confused with what the Arabs call the " Hindi numerals ", namely the Eastern Arabic numerals (---------) used in the Middle East, or any of the numerals currently used in Indian languages ( e. g. Devanagari: ).

" Bayad plays the oud to the lady ", Arabic language | Arabic manuscript for Qissat Bayad wa Reyad tale from late 12th century