To him, law is the command of the sovereign ( the English monarch ) who personifies the power of the nation, while sovereignty is the power to make law -- i.e., to prevail over internal groups and to be free from the commands of other sovereigns in other nations.

An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court or court of appeals ( American English ) or appeal court ( British English ), is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.

In 1805, English instructor and natural philosopher John Dalton used the concept of atoms to explain why elements always react in ratios of small whole numbers ( the law of multiple proportions ) and why certain gases dissolved better in water than others.

Jurisprudence is based on English common law.

In English law, s58 Children Act 2004, limits the availability of the lawful correction defense to common assault under s39 Criminal Justice Act 1988.

Some jurisdictions allow force to be used in defense of property, to prevent damage either in its own right, or under one or both of the preceding classes of defense in that a threat or attempt to damage property might be considered a crime ( in English law, under s5 Criminal Damage Act 1971 it may be argued that the defendant has a lawful excuse to damaging property during the defense and a defense under s3 Criminal Law Act 1967 ) subject to the need to deter vigilantes and excessive self-help.

English law provides for two offences of assault: common assault and battery.

About a fifth of the law code is taken up by Alfred's introduction, which includes translations into English of the Decalogue, a few chapters from the Book of Exodus, and the " Apostolic Letter " from Acts of the Apostles ( 15: 23 – 29 ).

Theodism is focused on the lore, beliefs and social structure-particularly the concept of thew ( Old English þeaw ) or " customary law "-of various specific Germanic tribes.

Administrative law, as laid down by the Supreme Court of India, has also recognized two more grounds of judicial review which were recognized but not applied by English Courts viz.

The powers to review administrative decisions are usually established by statute, but were originally developed from the royal prerogative writs of English law, such as the writ of mandamus and the writ of certiorari.

In many legal jurisdictions related to English common law, affray is a public order offence consisting of the fighting of two or more persons in a public place to the terror ( in ) of ordinary people ( the lieges ).

In the United States the English common law as to affray applies, subject to certain modifications by the statutes of particular states.

Abjuration of the realm was a type of abjuration in ancient English law.

In English law, black letter law is a term used to describe those areas of law characterized by technical rules, rather than those areas of law characterized by having a more conceptual basis.

Barbadian law is rooted historically on English common law, and the Constitution of Barbados implemented in 1966, is supreme law of the land.

The Statute of Bankrupts of 1542 was the first statute under English law dealing with bankruptcy or insolvency.

Under English law, successive versions of Table A have reinforced the norm that, unless the directors are acting contrary to the law or the provisions of the Articles, the powers of conducting the management and affairs of the company are vested in them.

Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

As provincial banking companies merged to form larger banks, they lost their right to issue notes, and the English private banknote eventually disappeared, leaving the Bank of England with a monopoly of note issue in England and Wales.

Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky note in their book that Orwellian Doublespeak is an important component of the manipulation of the English language in American media, through a process called ‘ dichotomization ’; a component of media propaganda involving ‘ deeply embedded double standards in the reporting of news ’.

Kennedy used the phrase twice in his speech, ending with it, and pronouncing the sentence with his Boston accent, reading from his note " ish bin ein Bearleener ", which he had written out in English phonetics.

In general, each generation speaks a dialect of English closer to General Canadian though it is significant to note that this trend is far more pronounced in the urban centres.

Spanish ( official ) 97 % as first and second language, English 14 %( as first and second language ); note –

There he presented the work again, and this time English scientists took note of what he referred to as anomalous water.

However, though recently pledged to support King Edward, it is interesting to note that Robert the Bruce sent a letter to the monks at Melrose Abbey in March 1302 which effectively weakened his usefulness to the English king.

See, for instance, the rabbinic category of Damages ( Jewish law ) ( note though that while a few aspects of this law are incorporated into Israeli law, tort law in Israel is technically similar to English tort law-as enacted by British Mandate of Palestine authorities in 1944 and taking effect in 1947, a year before Israel became a state ).

Vincent Willem van Gogh (< ref group = note > The pronunciation of " Van Gogh " varies in both English and Dutch.

Poznań University of Technology, PUT ( Polish name: Politechnika Poznańska ; note that in Polish Politechnika has a different meaning from English, hence the translation ) is a university located in Poznań, Poland.

Worthy of note is the South African English equivalent " bull dust ".

Galbraith, " The literacy of the medieval English kings ", Proceedings of the British Academy, 21 ( 1935: 221 note 6 ); May McKisack, The Fourteenth Century ( Oxford History of England ) 1959: 2, reserves judgement

Marx sometimes used the term " productive forces " equivalently with " factors of production ;" in Capital, he uses " factors of production ," in his famous Preface to the Critique of Political Economy, he uses " productive forces " ( note that this is in the English versions and may depend on the translation.

In the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement ( as well as the Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement ) the CPG also uses the Chinese characters 内地 " inner land ", with the note that they refer to the " customs territory of China ".< ref name = CEPA > English Text Chinese text

The Finnish word for thunder, Ukkonen, is the diminutive form of the name Ukko .< ref group =" note "> Compare to English thunder (< Old English þunor ) and German donner (< Old High German donar ) both derived from Proto-Germanic * þunraz and originally synonymic with appellations of the thunder god .</ ref > Ukko is often equated with Perkele, and some hold Perkele to be the original personal name of Ukko with the name Ukko being an euphemism.

Copies of the warning message script had a note saying that it was acceptable to broadcast in any other language, so long as it was broadcast in English as well.

* consensual: all activities should involve the full consent of all parties involved, but note that legal consent may not create a defence to criminal liability for any injuries caused and that, for these purposes, non-physical injuries are included in the definition of grievous bodily harm in English law.

English architect Inigo Jones introduced a note of sobriety with plain Ionic columns on his Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace, London, and when Beaux-Arts architect John Russell Pope wanted to convey the manly stamina combined with intellect of Theodore Roosevelt, he left colossal Ionic columns unfluted on the Roosevelt memorial at the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, for an unusual impression of strength and stature.

Later, when signs were made to note the street names, the abbreviation for Strasse was allowed to remain, but the US / English abbreviation was redundantly added to the signs.

Please note that in many instances, these projects proceed much faster in Hebrew than in English!

" At the line " Sitting in an English garden " the D # melody note ( as in the instrumental introduction ) establishes a Lydian mode ( sharp 4th note in the scale ) and this mode is emphasised more strongly with the addition of a D # note to the B chord on " If the sun don't come.

Several of Ochino's Prediche were also translated into English by a lady, Anna Cooke ( or Anne Cooke ; b. 1533 ) afterwards second wife of Sir Nicholas Bacon ; and he published numerous controversial treatises on the Continent.

It is controversial whether the connective thus defined is properly rendered by the English " if and only if ", with its pre-existing meaning.

La Vérité de la Religion Chrétienne Réformée ( 1717 ) was a controversial treatise which in its four parts attacks the characteristic doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church ; it was translated into English, for the use of the Roman Catholics of his diocese of Dromore, by Dr. Ralph Lambert, afterwards bishop of Meath.

Government-controlled monopolies were common, especially before the English Civil War, but were often controversial.

Eysenck himself lent theoretical support to the English National Party ( which also opposed " Hitlerite " Nazism ), and was interviewed in the first issue of their journal The Beacon in relation to his controversial views on relative intelligence between different races.

The measures were very controversial at the time in English Canada, but would be successfully passed and implemented.

* Peckinpah's use of violence was parodied by Monty Python in Sam Peckinpah's " Salad Days ", one of the more controversial episodes of Monty Python's Flying Circus, in which a lovely day out for an upper-class English family turns into a blood-soaked orgy of severed limbs and gushing wounds.

** English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial Rivers of Blood Speech.

* English cricket team in Australia in 1932 – 33: The England cricket team wins The Ashes using the controversial bodyline tactic.

He also enjoyed a friendship with an English Roman Catholic priest, Father Victor White, who corresponded with Jung after he had published his controversial Answer to Job.

The controversial Purple Rock tiebreaker was used in this season alone, and resulted in the ousting of Paschal English, then with no votes against him.

Another highlight of the 1950s literature was two controversial novels by Agnar Mykle's about Ask Burlefot-Lasso rundt fru Luna ( published in English as " Lasso Around The Moon ") and Sangen om den røde rubin ( The Song of the Red Ruby ).

Ludlow Castle was therefore the site of perhaps the most controversial wedding night in English history, when Catherine's claim that the marriage was never consummated became central to the dispute concerning Henry VIII and Catherine's annulment in 1531.

One of the most famous, though controversial, of these works to be translated into English is I, Rigoberta Menchú.

* Dorin Sârbu, A controversial archeological phenomenon: the Cimmerian Culture ( Romanian ( full ) and English ( abstract ))

The change was controversial ( p. 2, n. 1 ) but was considered essential to preserve consistency since most of the United Kingdom's universities can be rendered only in English.

" In this bleak cynicism about political ideas and political life, The Roman Revolution strongly resembled another controversial historical masterwork, The Structure of English Politics at the Accession of George III, published in 1930 by the specialist in eighteenth-century British political history, Sir Lewis B. Namier.

In English, the use of the word can be controversial.

Its usage may be controversial in modern English language.

After a controversial decision by Barton's colleague George Coulthard against the home side, the crowd spilled onto the pitch and assaulted some of the English players, leading to international cricket's first riot.

The result was the Battle of Schooneveld in June and the Battle of Texel in August, a controversial sequence of engagements in which, at a minimum, poor communications between the French and English commanders assisted the marginal Dutch victory.

Many new-generation Chinese authors who were the recipients of such government attention have been re-published in English and success in the western literary markets, namely Zhou Weihui's Shanghai Baby, Anchee Min's controversial memoir Red Azalea, Time Magazine banned-book covergirl Chun Sue's Beijing Doll, and Mian Mian's Candy.

Henry Kenneth Alfred " Ken " Russell ( 3 July 1927 – 27 November 2011 ) was an English film director, known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style.

The Kane, Kane-Donaldson, and Russell-Kane editions of the three versions, published by the Athlone Press, have been controversial, but are considered among the most important accomplishments in modern editorial work and theory in Middle English.

Shanghai's Luwan District published a controversial " Bilingual Instruction of Luwan District for Expo " phrasebook with English terms and Chinese characters approximating pronunciation: " Good morning!