Pentecost then discusses the location of this campaign, and mentions the " hill of Megiddo " and other geographic locations such as " the valley of Jehoshaphat " and " the valley of the passengers ", " Lord coming from Edom or Idumea, south of Jerusalem, when He returns from the judgment "; and Jerusalem itself.

In response to a call for aid from Alexius, the First Crusade assembled at Constantinople in 1096, but declining to put itself under Byzantine command set out for Jerusalem on its own account.

The document presents itself as written by James: " I, James, wrote this history in Jerusalem.

Jews were banned from living in Jerusalem itself ( a ban that persisted until the Arab conquest ) and the Roman province, until then known as Iudaea Province, was renamed Palaestina, no other revolt led to a province being renamed.

Jerusalem itself was lost to Saladin in 1187, and in the 13th century the kingdom was reduced to a few cities along the Mediterranean coast.

The crusaders arrived at Jerusalem in June 1099 ; a few of the neighbouring towns ( Ramla, Lydda, Bethlehem, and others ) were taken first, and Jerusalem itself was captured on July 15.

Heraclius offered the " keys of the Holy Sepulchre, those of the Tower of David and the banner of the Kingdom of Jerusalem ", but not the crown itself, to both Philip II of France and Henry II of England ; the latter, as a grandson of Fulk, was a first cousin of the royal family of Jerusalem, and had promised to go on crusade after the murder of Thomas Becket.

In the cities, Muslims and Eastern Christians were free, although no Muslims were permitted to live in Jerusalem itself.

" One notable contrast with the speeches recorded by Robert the Monk, Guibert of Nogent and Baldric of Dol is the lesser emphasis on Jerusalem itself, which Urban only once mentions as his own focus of concern: in the letter to the Flemish he writes, " they Turks have seized the Holy City of Christ, embellished by his passion and resurrection, and blasphemy to say — have sold her and her churches into abominable slavery.

Urban II refers to liberating the church as a whole or the eastern churches generally rather than to reconquering Jerusalem itself.

The term " Zionism " itself is derived from the word Zion (), referring to Jerusalem.

The Haute Cour decided that Baldwin would rule the north of the kingdom and Melisende the richer Judea and Samaria, and Jerusalem itself.

Interestingly the commentary in the translation of Abdullah Y. Ali-which is the most widespread English translation of the Qur ' an-indicate that this group in fact were the Arabs and not Jews: " The Qibla of Jerusalem might itself have seemed strange to the Arabs, and the change from it to the Ka ' ba might have seemed strange after they had become used to the other.

A regiment from each brigade was to leave the attack column and extend the breach by rushing perpendicular to the crater, while the remaining regiments were to rush through, seizing the Jerusalem Plank Road just beyond, followed by the churchyard and, if possible, Petersburg itself.

In the mid-1230s, Frederick's viceroy was forced to leave Acre, and in 1244, following a siege, Jerusalem itself was lost again to a new Muslim offensive.

At the end of the 1948 Arab – Israeli War, the hotel found itself overlooking " no-man ’ s land " on the armistice line that divided Jerusalem into Israeli and Jordanian territory.

Ayyubid Sultan Saladin had conquered most of the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem, including the ancient city itself, in 1187.

The 4th century apocryphal text that is called the Acts of Pilate presents itself in a preface ( missing in some MSS ) as derived from the official acts preserved in the praetorium at Jerusalem.

Jerusalem has been divided to form other towns in the county: in 1803, the Town of Benton was taken from Jerusalem, and itself later divided to make other towns.

Each Jewish community would associate itself with one of the three yeshivot ; Jews living around the Mediterranean typically followed the yeshiva in Jerusalem, while those living in the Arabian Peninsula and modern-day Iraq and Iran typically followed one of the two yeshivot in Baghdad.

With all the greatest shrines in the Christian world to choose from, it seemed that when the local Arab Christians had a problem – an illness, or something more complicated: a husband detained in an Israeli prison camp, for example – they preferred to seek the intercession of St George in his grubby little shrine at Beit Jala rather than praying at the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem or the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.

On his way from Jerusalem to Smyrna, Sabbatai was enthusiastically greeted in the large Asiatic community of Aleppo, and at Smyrna, which he reached in the autumn of 1665, the greatest homage was paid to him.

It was used by Christ Himself, by St. Paul, by St. Cyril of Jerusalem, by St. Clement and Origen at Alexandria, by St. Augustine, who wrote a special treatise thereon ( De catechizandis rudibus ), also, in later times, by Gerson, chancellor of the University of Paris, who wrote " De parvulis ad Christum trahendis "; Clement XI and Benedict XIV gave to it all the weight of their authority, and one of the greatest of all catechists was St. Charles Borromeo.

Wizard magazine ranked Spider Jerusalem as the 38th greatest comic book character of all time.

Spider Jerusalem was also ranked as the 12th greatest comic book character of all time by Empire magazine quoting that " Spider is a true one-off, a character so fearless and vibrant and nonchalantly cool that Patrick Stewart is his biggest fan.

" IGN also ranked Spider Jerusalem as the 45th greatest comic book hero of all time stating that Spider Jerusalem isn't quite a role model for the kids but over the course of the series ' long life, readers came to know the true Spider Jerusalem and revel in his ultimate victory.

Jerusalem, subtitled The Emanation of the Giant Albion, was the last, longest, and greatest in scope of the prophetic books written and illustrated by the poet, artist, and engraver William Blake.

Distinctive architectural elements of Templar buildings include the use of the image of " two knights on a single horse ", representing the Knights ' poverty, and round buildings designed to resemble the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.

Since the early 1990s, Safdie, a citizen of Canada, Israel, and the United States, has focused on his architectural practice, Safdie Architects, which is based in Boston and has branches in Toronto, Jerusalem, and Singapore.

Ussishkin believes that the architectural similarity to building styles of the Phoenician cities validates the biblical description of Phoenician influence on the Israelite kingdoms, but speculates that some or all of the tombs may have been built by Phoenician aristocrats living in Jerusalem.

The architectural influences at work here have been much debated, with proposed origins ranging from Jerusalem, Islamic Spain, the Limousin region in western France, or a mixture of sources.

The architectural historian Mark Girouard has suggested that the design is in fact derived from Nikolaus de Lyra's reconstruction, and Josephus's description, of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem ,, with a more direct inspiration being the mid-sixteenth century Mount Edgcumbe in Cornwall, which Smythson knew.

In fact, although Qaitbay fought sixteen military campaigns, he is best remembered for the spectacular building projects that he sponsored, leaving his mark as an architectural patron on Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo, Alexandria, and every quarter of Cairo.

Some of the major projects include work on the Palaeolithic in Lebanon ; the beginnings of farming in southern Jordan ; large regional multi-period archaeological and environmental surveys in Syria and Cyprus ( combining traditional techniques with cutting edge use of satellite imagery and computerised recording ); architectural surveys throughout the Levant, but perhaps especially in Jerusalem and the West Bank ; and anthropological research on modern societies.

Adjacent to the Shrine is the Model of Jerusalem in the Second Temple Period, which reconstructs the topography and architectural character of the city as it was prior to its destruction by the Romans in 66 CE, and provides historical context to the Shrine ’ s presentation of the Dead Sea Scrolls.

The Crusader gate may have been sealed up following Saladin's capture of Jerusalem in 1187 because it did not conform to architectural style of fortifications used by the Turkish armies.

It is not known exactly how the temple looked, but it is believed to have followed the traditional Semitic-Canaanite architectural form, resembling the Temple of Jerusalem.

However, Labour argued for building strategic settlements only in areas Israel intended to keep, such as the Jordan Valley and the surroundings of East Jerusalem, while handing the rest back to Jordan, claiming that the alternative would result in a bi-national state and so " the end of the Zionist endeavour ".

But there was a contrast even more decisive than a hunger for fact between the Trial in Jerusalem and those in Moscow and New York.

If anti-Semitism was on trial in Jerusalem, why was it not identified, and with enough emphasis to capture the notice of the world press, in its connection with the activities of Eichmann's Department of Jewish Affairs, as exemplified by the betrayal and murder of Jews by non-police and non-party anti-Semites in Germany, as well as in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary??

Ward had originally written the music, Materna, for the hymn O Mother dear, Jerusalem in 1882, though it was not first published until 1892.

It was originally one of between 50 to 70 verses of a song titled " Jerusalem, My Happy Home " that first appeared in a 1790 book called A Collection of Sacred Ballads:

After this deed he fled to Talmai, the king of Geshur () ( see also or ), his maternal grandfather, and it was not until three years later that he was fully reinstated in his father's favour and finally returned to Jerusalem.

Another monument near Jerusalem ( not the modern " Absalom Tomb "-" Yad Avshalom " which is of later origin ) was erected by Absalom in his lifetime to perpetuate his name ():

He certainly corresponded with Elias III, the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and possibly sent a mission to India in honour of Saint Thomas the Apostle, whose tomb was believed to lie in that country.

Alypius was afterwards commissioned to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem as part of Julian's systematic attempt to reverse the Christianization of the Roman Empire by restoring pagan and, in this case, Jewish practices.

Amalric I of Jerusalem ( also Amaury or Aimery ) ( 1136 – 11 July 1174 ) was King of Jerusalem 1163 – 1174, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession.

Amalric was the second son of Melisende of Jerusalem and Fulk of Jerusalem, and succeeded his older brother Baldwin III.

He was the father of three future rulers of Jerusalem, Sibylla, Baldwin IV, and Isabella I.

Amalric, who had been given the County of Jaffa as an apanage when he reached the age of majority in 1151, remained loyal to Melisende in Jerusalem, and when Baldwin invaded the south, Amalric was besieged in the Tower of David with his mother.

Jerusalem thus turned its attention to Egypt, where the Fatimid dynasty was suffering from a series of young caliphs and civil wars.

Now Jerusalem was surrounded by hostile enemies.

Saladin's rise to Sultan was an unexpected reprieve for Jerusalem, as Nur ad-Din was now preoccupied with reining in his powerful vassal.

On the way back after giving up the siege he fell ill from dysentery, which was ameliorated by doctors but turned into a fever in Jerusalem.

" He is considered the last of the " early " kings of Jerusalem, after whom there was no king able to save Jerusalem from its eventual collapse.

Amalric II of Jerusalem or Amalric I of Cyprus, born Amalric of Lusignan ( 1145 – 1 April 1205 ), King of Jerusalem 1197 – 1205, was an older brother of Guy of Lusignan.