This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

An argot (; French, Spanish, and Catalan for " slang ") is a secret language used by various groups — including, but not limited to, thieves and other criminals — to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations.

Although Andean Amerindian peoples crafted ceremonial jewelry of gold and other metals the mineralizations of the Andes were first mined in large scale after the Spanish arrival.

It is also similar to the use of quotation marks in many other languages ( including Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Dutch and German ).

* Spanish translation of " Récoltes et Semailles " et " Le Clef des Songes " and other Grothendieck's texts

In the same pattern, a sizable number of permanent residents are Spanish nationals who officially still live in Madrid, the Basque provinces, or other areas of the country.

Ben Adret, with the approval of other prominent Spanish rabbis, sent a letter to the community at Montpellier proposing to forbid the study of philosophy to those who were less than twenty-five years of age, and, in spite of keen opposition from the liberal section, a decree in this sense was issued by Ben Adret in 1305.

* Cómo me convertí en gran maestro y otros escritos " How I became grandmaster " and other writings, in Spanish.

The Basque language became the main everyday language, while other languages like Spanish, Gascon, French, or Latin were preferred for the administration and high education.

However, the use of Basque by Spanish nationals in French courts is allowed ( with translation ), as Basque is officially recognized on the other side of the border.

Some etymologists believe it comes from a dialectal pronunciation of the Portuguese " bandore " or from an early anglicisation of the Spanish word " bandurria ", though other research suggests that it may come from a West African term for a bamboo stick formerly used for the instrument's neck.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word " barroco ", Spanish " barroco ", or French " baroque ", all of which refer to a " rough or imperfect pearl ", though whether it entered those languages via Latin, Arabic, or some other source is uncertain.

However, there are some Jews, particularly the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, who do hold public readings of the Book of Job on the Tisha B ' Av fast ( a day of mourning over the destruction of the First and Second Temples and other tragedies ).

Teach's crew had apparently informed Bostock that they had destroyed several other vessels, and that they intended to sail to Hispaniola and lie in wait for an expected Spanish armada, supposedly laden with money to pay the garrisons.

A number of other European languages have cognate words that were borrowed from the Germanic languages during the Middle Ages, including brog in Irish, bwr or bwrc, meaning " wall, rampart " in Welsh, bourg in French, burg in Catalan ( in Catalonia there is a town named Burg ), borgo in Italian, and burgo in Spanish ( hence the place-name Burgos ).

The reason for the enactment of the codes in California in the 19th century was to replace a pre-existing system based on Spanish civil law with a system based on common law, similar to that in most other states.

According to his account, some three thousand villagers had traveled to Manzanillo to greet the Spanish with loaves, fishes and other foodstuffs and were " without provocation, butchered ".

" That rich island ," he wrote on 1 December 1881, " the key to the Gulf of Mexico, is, though in the hands of Spain, a part of the American commercial system … If ever ceasing to be Spanish, Cuba must necessarily become American and not fall under any other European domination.

Cannibalism ( from Caníbales, the Spanish name for the Carib people, a West Indies tribe formerly well known for their practice of cannibalism ) is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings.

With the arrival of news in May 1810 that southern Spain had been conquered by Napoleon's forces, that the Spanish Supreme Central Junta had dissolved itself, declarations of independence in Quito ( 1809 ), Gran Colombia ( 1810 ), Venezuela and Paraguay ( 1811 ) and other territories, established their own governments.

On the other hand, French lait and Spanish leche ( both meaning " milk ") are less obviously cognates of Ancient Greek gálaktos ( genitive singular of gála, " milk "), a relationship more evidently seen through the intermediate Latin lac " milk ", as well as the English word lactic and other terms borrowed from Latin.

The other castes were similarly further sub-classified by these 19th-century and early-20th-century ethnographers based on numerous criteria ranging from profession, endogamy or exogamy or polygamy, and a host of other factors in a manner similar to castas in Spanish colonies such as Mexico, and caste system studies in British colonies such as India.

The major European empires consisted of the following colonies at the start of World War I ( former colonies of the Spanish Empire became independent before 1914 and are not listed ; former colonies of other European empires that previously became independent, such as the former French colony Haiti, are not listed ):

However this ideal is not normally achieved in practice ; some languages ( such as Spanish and Finnish ) come close to it, while others ( such as English ) deviate from it to a much larger degree.

Since then, American English has been influenced by the languages of West Africa, the Native American population, Spanish, and immigration.

This means that opaque ( if not minimal ) contrasts can occur in languages like Italian ( with the i-like sound of piede ' foot ', appearing in the nucleus:, and that of piano ' slow ', appearing in the syllable onset: ) and Spanish ( with a near minimal pair being abyecto ' abject ' and abierto ' opened ').

In 1876, the Spanish governor-general of the Philippines José Malcampo coined the term juramentado for the behavior ( from juramentar-" to take an oath "), surviving into modern Filipino languages as huramentado.

* Baltic Sea is used in English ; in the Baltic languages Latvian ( Baltijas jūra ) and Lithuanian ( Baltijos jūra ); in Latin ( Mare Balticum ) and the Romance languages French ( Mer Baltique ), Italian ( Mar Baltico ), Portuguese ( Mar Báltico ), Romanian ( Marea Baltică ) and Spanish ( Mar Báltico ); in Greek ( Βαλτική Θάλασσα ); in Albanian ( Deti Balltik ); in the Slavic languages Polish ( Morze Bałtyckie or Bałtyk ), Czech ( Baltské moře or Balt ), Croatian ( Baltičko more ), Slovenian ( Baltsko morje ), Bulgarian ( Baltijsko More ( Балтийско море ), Kashubian ( Bôłt ), Macedonian ( Балтичко Море / Baltičko More ), Ukrainian ( Балтійське море (" Baltijs ' ke More "), Belarusian ( Балтыйскае мора (" Baltyjskaje Mora "), Russian ( Балтийское море (" Baltiyskoye Morye ") and Serbian ( Балтичко море / Baltičko more ); in the Hungarian language ( Balti-tenger ); and also in Basque ( Itsaso Baltikoa )

Today the existence of bilingual dictionaries directly from Breton into languages such as English, Dutch, German, Spanish and Welsh demonstrates the determination of a new generation to gain international recognition for Breton.

The word borough derives from common Germanic * burg, meaning fort: compare with bury ( England ), burgh ( Scotland ), Burg ( Germany ), borg ( Scandinavia ), burcht ( Dutch ) and the Germanic borrowing present in neighbouring Indo-european languages such as borgo ( Italian ), bourg ( French ) and burgo ( Spanish and Portuguese ).

Most languages have one main copula, but some languages, like Spanish and Thai, have more than one, and some have none.

Smith later taught himself French and Spanish in order to translate verse out of those languages.

This usage was also retained in Latin and the languages derived from Latin ( e. g. French église, Italian chiesa, Spanish iglesia, Portuguese igreja, etc.

Examples of cognates in Indo-European languages are the words night ( English ), nuit ( French ), Nacht ( German ), nacht ( Dutch ), nag ( Afrikaans ), nicht ( Scots ), natt ( Swedish, Norwegian ), nat ( Danish ), nátt ( Faroese ), nótt ( Icelandic ), noc ( Czech, Slovak, Polish ), ночь, noch ( Russian ), ноќ, noć ( Macedonian ), нощ, nosht ( Bulgarian ), ніч, nich ( Ukrainian ), ноч, noch / noč ( Belarusian ), noč ( Slovene ), noć ( Serbo-Croatian ), νύξ, nyx ( Ancient Greek, νύχτα / nyhta in Modern Greek ), nox ( Latin ), nakt-( Sanskrit ), natë ( Albanian ), noche ( Spanish ), nos ( Welsh ), nueche ( Asturian ), noite ( Portuguese and Galician ), notte ( Italian ), nit ( Catalan ), noapte ( Romanian ), nakts ( Latvian ) and naktis ( Lithuanian ), all meaning " night " and derived from the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ), " night ".

Four of the characters in " Think Blue, Count Two " are called " Thirteen " in different languages: Tiga-belas ( both in Indonesian and Malay ), Trece ( Spanish ), Talatashar ( based on an Arabic dialect form < big > ثلاث عشر </ big >, thalāth ʿashar ) and Sh ' san ( based on Mandarin 十三, shísān, where the " í " is never pronounced ).

For example, Spanish and French both come from Latin and therefore belong to the same family, the Romance languages.

After the discovery of the West Indies by Christopher Columbus in 1492, the Spanish term Antillas was assigned to the lands ; stemming from this, " Sea of the Antilles " is a common alternative name for the Caribbean Sea in various European languages.

In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance tongues, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other: In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship.

In one study, Swedish high school students learning Interlingua were able to translate passages from Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian that students of those languages found too difficult to understand.

Since Russian was being spoken instead of Spanish, there is no violation of artistry or logic here.

The Creston is purely a potboiler, with Spanish, English, French and American dances mixed into the stew.

In Spanish, ñ is considered a separate letter, but accented vowels such as á and é are not.

The ll and ch were also considered single letters, but in 1994 the Real Academia Española changed collating order so that ll is between lk and lm in the dictionary and ch is between cg and ci, and in 2010 the tenth congress of the Association of Spanish Language Academies changed it so they were no longer letters at all < ref > Real Academia Española.

In standard Spanish, it is possible to tell the pronunciation of a word from its spelling, but not vice versa ; this is because certain phonemes can be represented in more than one way, but a given letter is consistently pronounced.

However, years of activism, and fighting for the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War have left him disillusioned .</ br > When the plague epidemic is virtually over, Tarrou becomes one of its last victims, but puts up a heroic struggle before dying.

* 1557 – Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.

* 1559 – Bartolomé Carranza, Spanish archbishop, is arrested for heresy.

Bolivian Sign Language, for example, is essentially ASL, apart from changes in initialized signs to make them match the spelling of Spanish.

The Spanish term norteamericano ( North American ), is frequently used to refer things and persons from the United States, but this term can also denote people and things from Canada, and the rest of North America.

In personal denotation, " gringo " means estadounidense, in particular, and anglophones in general, and, linguistically, any speech not Spanish, i. e. " She is speaking gringo, not Spanish ".

For referring specifically to a U. S. national and things, the words used are estadunidense ( also spelled estado-unidense ) ( United States person ), from Estados Unidos da América, and ianque ( Yankee ), but the term most often used is norte-americano, even though it could, as with its Spanish equivalent, in theory apply to Canadians, Mexicans, etc., as well.

* 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Guernica ( or Gernika in Basque ), Spain is bombed by German Luftwaffe.

Abalone ( or ; via Spanish, from the ), is a common name for any of a group of small to very large edible sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Haliotidae.

There is a long history of mining in the Andes, from the Spanish silver mines in Potosí in the 16th century to the vast current porphyry copper deposits of Chuquicamata and Escondida in Chile and Toquepala in Peru.

Another place popular with children is the Parque Papagayo which is a large family park which has life-sized replicas of a Spanish galleon and the space shuttle Columbia, three artificial lakes, aviary, skating rink, rides, go-karts and more.

There is some documentary proof that the Romans named the hot sulfur springs of Aachen Aquis-Granum, and indeed to this day the city is known in Italian as Aquisgrana, in Spanish as Aquisgrán and in Polish as Akwizgran.