Agriculturalism ( 農家 / 农家 ; Nongjia ) was an early agrarian social and political philosophy in ancient China that advocated peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism.

In ancient China it was customary to burn amber during large festivities.

The peoples of the Tarim Basin in northern China are now known to be Caucasian and there were widespread attempts to keep western archeologists from testing samples such as deliberately replacing the mummies or decapitating them, even defacing ancient cave painting depictions of these people with large amounts of body hair and features such as red colored hair and blue eyes.

Although amaranth was cultivated on a large scale in ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Peru, nowadays it is only cultivated on a small scale there, along with India, China, Nepal, and other tropical countries ; thus, there is potential for further cultivation in those countries, as well as in the U. S. In a 1977 article in Science, amaranth was described as " the crop of the future.

Aeronautics also finds mention in ancient China where people were flying kites thousands of years ago.

Ancient art was largely, but not entirely, based on the nine great ancient civilizations: Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, China, Rome, India, the Celtic peoples, and Maya.

The practice was also well known in ancient China, as in Jing Ke's failed assassination of King Qin Shi Huang ( 227 BC ).

* Go, an ancient strategic board game originating in China

The earliest tin-alloy bronzes date to the late 4th millennium BC in Susa ( Iran ) and some ancient sites in China, Luristan ( Iran ) and Mesopotamia ( Iraq ).

The Indus Valley Civilization and ancient China are two other areas with major indigenous urban traditions.

The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra ( now Patna ) in India, Chang ' an ( now Xi ' an ) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople ( later Istanbul ).

In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States ( 481 – 221 BC ), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou ( Canal of the Wild Geese ), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei.

The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty ( c. 1700 – 1046 BC ), although ancient historical texts such as the Records of the Grand Historian ( ca.

The Xia Dynasty of China ( from c. 2100 to c. 1600 BC ) is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian and Bamboo Annals.

Although the People's Republic of China has been historically hostile to the philosophy of ancient China, the influences of past are still deeply ingrained in the Chinese culture.

Similar lists existed in ancient China and Japan.

The element air also appears as a concept in the Buddhist religion which has an ancient history in China.

The adoption of massed cavalry in China also broke the tradition of the chariot-riding Chinese aristocracy in battle, which had been in use since the ancient Shang Dynasty ( c. 1600 BC-1050 BC ).

According to Needham, though there is no way of answering the question of whether the crossbow first arose among the cultures neighboring ancient China before the rise of Chinese culture in their midst, or whether it spread outwards from China to all the environing peoples, the former seems the more probable hypothesis given linguistic evidence, which posits that the Chinese word for ' crossbow ' came from an Austroasiatic language.

At times under some other dynasties in ancient China, the month with the winter solstice was the 12th or the 1st month.

During the Warring States era of ancient China, there is both textual and archaeological evidence of prolonged sieges and siege machinery used against the defenders of city walls.

Although there are depictions of sieges from the ancient Near East in historical sources and in art, there are very few examples of siege systems that have been found archaeologically.

Advances in the prosecution of sieges in ancient and medieval times naturally encouraged the development of a variety of defensive counter-measures.

Most of the novels in the series are action and sexual adventures, with many of the military engagements borrowing liberally from historic ones, such as the trireme battles of ancient Greece and the castle sieges of medieval Europe.

In the aftermath, as was common in ancient history with resisted sieges, the Athenians executed all the adult men they caught, and sold the women and children into slavery.

The area around Edirne has been the site of no fewer than 16 major battles or sieges, from the days of the ancient Greeks.

In 1453 when the last vestige of ancient Roman power fell to the Turks, the city officially shifted religions -- although the Patriarch, or Pope, of the Orthodox Church continued to live there, and still does -- and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

Principles of acoustics were applied since ancient times: Roman theatre ( structure ) | Roman theatre in the city of Amman.

Anavarza ) was an ancient Cilician city, situated in Anatolia in modern Turkey, in the present Çukurova ( or classical Aleian plain ) about 15 km west of the main stream of the present Ceyhan River ( or classical Pyramus river ) and near its tributary the Sempas Su.

A modest Turkish farming village lies to the southwest of the ancient city.

Ambracia, occasionally Ampracia (), was a city of ancient Greece on the site of modern Arta.

* Abydos ( Hellespont ), an ancient city of Mysia, in Asia Minor

Abydos ( Greek: Άβυδος ), an ancient city of Mysia, in Asia Minor, situated at Nara Burnu or Nagara Point on the best harbor on the Asiatic shore of the Hellespont.

Pope Leo I requests Genseric not destroy the ancient city or murder its citizens.

Amphipolis (: Amphípolis ) was an ancient Greek city in the region once inhabited by the Edoni people in the present-day region of Central Macedonia.

The present village Amfipoli (), named after the ancient city, occupies the site.

An ancient Roman festival, Actia, was named after Actium, in Nicopolis, the new city ( today Preveza, Greece ).

* Aquileia, an ancient Roman city in Italy

Also, there was an ancient statue, representing the god in chains, to indicate that the martial spirit and victory were never to leave the city of Sparta.

The Acropolis of Athens ( Greek: Ακρόπολη Αθηνών ) is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and containing the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.

It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur ( Akkadian: ; Aramaic: ; Hebrew: ; Arabic: ).

Archeological site of Tossal de Manises, ancient Iberians | Iberian – Carthaginian – Ancient Rome | Roman city of " Akra-Leuke " or " Lucentum "

* " Archaeologists bringing Jerusalem's ancient Roman city back to life " by Nir Hasson, Ha ' aretz, February 21, 2012

It is a pilgrimage centre for the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and is also the base for visiting Pushkar ( 11 km ), an ancient Hindu pilgrimage city, famous for the temple of Brahma.

Megiddo is mentioned twelve times in the Old Testament, ten times in reference to the ancient city of Megiddo, and twice with reference to " the plain of Megiddo ", most probably simply meaning " the plain next to the city ".

Alexandria Troas (" Alexandria of the Troad ", modern ) is an ancient Greek city situated on the Aegean Sea near the northern tip of Turkey's western coast, a little south of Tenedos ( modern Bozcaada ).

Byzantium (;, Byzántion ; Latin: ) was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC and named after their king Byzas ( Greek: Βύζας, Býzas, genitive Βύζαντος, Býzantos ).

Rather, the bishop is head of a titular see, which is usually an ancient city that used to have a bishop, but, for some reason or other, does not have one now.

Archaeological confirmation of Bethlehem as an Israelite city was uncovered in 2012 at the archaeological dig at the City of David in the form of a bulla ( seal impression in dried clay ) in ancient Hebrew script that reads " From the town of Bethlehem to the King ," indicating that it was used to seal the string closing a shipment of grain, wine, or other goods sent as a tax payment in the 8th or 7th century BCE.