In particular, time intervals measured on the surface of the Earth ( terrestrial time, TT ) are not constant when compared to the motions of the planets: the terrestrial second ( TT ) appears to be longer in Northern Hemisphere winter and shorter in Northern Hemisphere summer when compared to the " planetary second " ( conventionally measured in barycentric dynamical time, TDB ).

By " time-gating " the detector for the arrival of a particular species of interest its crystallographic distribution on the surface, and as a function of depth, can be determined.

It is not a vector field because it depends not only on the position of a particular material point, but also on the local orientation of the surface element as defined by its normal vector.

The total contact force on the particular internal surface is then expressed as the sum ( surface integral ) of the contact forces on all differential surfaces:

This small difference in the Sun's position against the stars causes any particular spot on the Earth's surface to catch up with ( and stand directly north or south of ) the Sun about 4 minutes later each day than it would if the Earth did not orbit ; our day is 24 hours long rather than the approximately 23 hour 56 minute sidereal day.

In particular, the C-terminus often contains serine ( Ser ) or threonine ( Thr ) residues that, when phosphorylated, increase the affinity of the intracellular surface for the binding of scaffolding proteins called β-arrestins ( β-arr ).

The isoelectric point ( pI ), sometimes abbreviated to IEP, is the pH at which a particular molecule or surface carries no net electrical charge.

In particular, in the Born – Oppenheimer and harmonic approximations, i. e. when the molecular Hamiltonian corresponding to the electronic ground state can be approximated by a harmonic oscillator in the neighborhood of the equilibrium molecular geometry, the resonant frequencies are determined by the normal modes corresponding to the molecular electronic ground state potential energy surface.

In laser ablation for example, a small volume of material at the surface of a work piece can be evaporated if it is heated in a very short time, whereas supplying the energy gradually would allow for the heat to be absorbed into the bulk of the piece, never attaining a sufficiently high temperature at a particular point.

The surface of the electrodes that are in contact with the liquid crystal material are treated so as to align the liquid crystal molecules in a particular direction.

The luminance indicates how much luminous power will be detected by an eye looking at the surface from a particular angle of view.

Flutes, in particular, are commonly constructed of silver alloy or silver plated, both for appearance and for the frictional surface properties of silver.

In particular, a surface with empty boundary is a surface in the usual sense.

Thus, a particular transistor may be described as silicon, surface mount, BJT, NPN, low power, high frequency switch.

Total internal reflection is an optical phenomenon that happens when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface.

This piece of apparently routine work proved very fruitful — it led to the discovery that all the stars of very faint absolute magnitude were of spectral class M. In conversation on this subject ( as I recall it ), I asked Pickering about certain other faint stars, not on my list, mentioning in particular 40 Eridani B. Characteristically, he sent a note to the Observatory office and before long the answer came ( I think from Mrs Fleming ) that the spectrum of this star was A. I knew enough about it, even in these paleozoic days, to realize at once that there was an extreme inconsistency between what we would then have called " possible " values of the surface brightness and density.

In particular, the twisted paper model is a developable surface ( it has zero Gaussian curvature ).

Brewster's angle ( also known as the polarization angle ) is an angle of incidence at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent dielectric surface, with no reflection.

The phenomenon of light being polarized by reflection from a surface at a particular angle was first observed by Étienne-Louis Malus in 1808.

This particular description involves many simplifications: a point source, a " surface " that light can reflect off of ( thus neglecting the interactions with electrons ) and so forth.

Bacillus subtilis spores are useful for the expression of recombinant proteins and in particular for the surface display of peptides and proteins as a tool for fundamental and applied research in the fields of microbiology, biotechnology and vaccination.

The bedform ( the surface of a particular bed ) can be indicative for a particular sedimentary environment too.

The relative atomic mass ( historically and commonly also called " atomic weight ") of an element is the average of the atomic masses of all the chemical element's isotopes as found in a particular environment, weighted by isotopic abundance, relative to the atomic mass unit ( u ).

Of particular note is the Cornish heath, Erica vagans, that occurs in abundance here, but which is found nowhere else in Britain.

In particular, the relative abundance of europium compared to the other REE is often markedly higher or lower, and called the europium anomaly.

God K not only embodied the king's war-like lightning power, but also his power to bring agricultural prosperity to his subjects: The Lightning deity was a god of agricultural abundance, and of the maize and cacao seeds in particular.

The region around Harrison County was of particular value to the early humans because of the abundance of flint.

The relative abundance of each type of flake can indicate what sort of lithic work was going on at a particular spot at a particular point in time.

The effect of a particular cytokine on a given cell depends on the cytokine, its extracellular abundance, the presence and abundance of the complementary receptor on the cell surface, and downstream signals activated by receptor binding ; these last two factors can vary by cell type.

Protein expression is commonly used by proteomics researchers to denote the measurement of the presence and abundance of one or more proteins in a particular cell or tissue.

Mae Hong Son historical records state that in the year 1831, which corresponds to the reign of King Nangklao ( Rama III ) of the Rattanakosin Period, in the mueang of Phing Nakhon ( เม ื องพ ิ งค ์ นคร ) known today as Chiang Mai, in the lands of the Kingdom of Lannathai, was Phraya Chiang Mai Mahawong ( พระยาเช ี ยงใหม ่ มหาวงศ ์), who was later to ascend to the rank of Phra Chao Mahottraprathet Racha Thibodi ( พระเจ ้ ามโหตรประเทศราชาธ ิ บด ี), who knew that to the west of Chiang Mai, which meant the lands of today's Mae Hong Son, was a geography of tall mountains and dense forests inhabited by a myriad of forest creatures of which wild elephants in particular were in great abundance, and thus ordered Lord Kaeo, who was a relative of his and a local military chief and governor, to herd these elephants out into the custody of mahouts, to survey the feasibility of this task on such western frontierlands and to be of further service in the capturing of the elephants so that they might be trained for labour thereafter.

However the abundance of Life on Earth makes the habitable zones of exoplanetary systems of particular interest to exobiologists and the Search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

Puranas usually give prominence to a particular deity, employing an abundance of religious and philosophical concepts.

This echoes the ancient Indo-European concept that deity is, in essence, an entity which gives wealth and abundance, an indication, perhaps, that Dažbog is a relic from common Proto-Indo-European religion, or even that this was not a name for any particular Slavic god, but a general epithet of a deity.

This is because the propagation of acoustic waves deep within the sun depends on the composition of the sun, in particular the relative abundance of helium and hydrogen in the core.

Hawley's research involved spectrophotometry of gaseous nebulae and emission-line galaxies, with particular emphasis on chemical abundance determinations for these objects.

They are thought to play a major role in determining the vegetation of prairie wetlands in particular They also selectively remove preferred plant species, thereby changing the abundance of plant species in many kinds of wetlands.

Saponins are a class of chemical compounds, one of many secondary metabolites found in natural sources, with saponins found in particular abundance in various plant species.

Temperature and salinity have little affect on the survival of crown-of-thorns larvae However, abundance and species of the particular component of phytoplankton ( unicellular flagellates ) on which the larvae feed has a profound effect on survival and rate of growth.

However, any particular abundance structure will have an associated probability.

Determination of the cosmic abundance of elements has a history dating back to early spectroscopic measurements of light from astronomical objects and the identification of emission and absorption lines which corresponded to particular electronic transitions in chemical elements identified on Earth.

* Abundance biozone are strata in which the abundance of a particular taxon or group of taxa is significantly greater than in the adjacent part of the section.

The species inhabits canals, ponds, streams, and flooded rice paddies, in both fresh and brackish water, and is found in particular abundance during the rainy season.

If a particular area is subject to over fishing or habitat destruction managements plans should be put into effect to preserve the abundance of this great sunfish.