Parts of both countries were part of the Portuguese Empire from the early 16th century until Brazil's independence in 1822.

At the peak of its efficiency in the early 16th century, the Venetian Arsenal employed some 16, 000 people who apparently were able to produce nearly one ship each day, and could fit out, arm, and provision a newly-built galley with standardized parts on an assembly-line basis not seen again until the Industrial Revolution.

The most common is Martin Waldseemüller's deriving it from Americus Vespucius, the Latinised version of Amerigo Vespucci's name, the Italian merchant and cartographer who explored South America's east coast and the Caribbean sea in the early 16th century.

Many Christian denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists ( See A History of the Baptists Third Edition by Robert G. Torbet ) in the 16th century, the Methodists, the Congregationalists of the early New England colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries and the Universalists and Unitarians in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Jacobus Arminius was a Dutch pastor and theologian in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

From the early 16th century, Aachen lost power.

Alciati was born in Alzate Brianza, near Milan, and settled in France in the early 16th century.

A south arcade was added to the nave in the early 16th century ( open in summer ).

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

There are rare examples of its use as early as the 12th century, but it became common by the 16th century.

French Beaded Flowers were being made as early as the 16th century, and lampwork glass was invented in the 18th century.

The Spanish Empire claimed the islands by discovery in the early 16th century, but never settled them, and subsequent years saw the English, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Danish all jostling for control of the region, which became a notorious haunt for pirates.

The sport would later resurface in England during the early 16th century in the form of bare-knuckle boxing sometimes referred to as prizefighting.

1 and 2 Samuel were originally ( and still is in some Jewish bibles ) a single book, but the first Greek translation, produced in the centuries immediately before Christ, divided it into two ; this was adopted by the Latin translation used in the early Christian church of the West, and finally introduced into Jewish bibles around the early 16th century CE.

A mile from Bolventor there was a chapel of St Luke ( from the 13th to the early 16th century ): the font is now at the church of Tideford.

Mercantilism is a nationalist form of early capitalism that came into existence approximately in the late 16th century.

The Spanish settled along the north coast of today's Colombia in the early 16th century, but their first permanent settlement, at Santa Marta, was not established until 1525.

The most notable of these early immigrants were the Shirazi Arab royal clans, who arrived in Comoros in the 15th and 16th centuries and stayed to build mosques, create a royal house and introduce architecture and carpentry.

Evidence that curling existed in Scotland in the early 16th century includes a curling stone inscribed with the date 1511 ( uncovered along with another bearing the date 1551 ) when an old pond was drained at Dunblane, Scotland.

Ironically, the rise of infantry in the early 16th century coincided with the " golden age " of heavy cavalry ; a French or Spanish army at the beginning of the century could have up to half its numbers made up of various kinds of light and heavy cavalry, whereas in earlier medieval and later 17th century armies the proportion of cavalry was seldom more than a quarter.

In his early twenties Caravaggio moved to Rome where, during the late 16th and early 17th centuries, many huge new churches and palazzi were being built and paintings were needed to fill them.

The custom of the Christmas tree developed in early modern Germany with predecessors that can be traced to the 16th and possibly the 15th century.

Also, prior to the massive Sephardic emigrations to the Middle East in the 16th and 17th centuries, the Jewish communities of what are today Syria, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt and Yemen were known by other Jewish communities as Musta ' arabi Jews or " like Arabs ".

Despite pressure from the Bernese authorities in the 16th and 17th centuries anabaptism never entirely disappeared from the Unteraargau.

As a result of their views on the nature of baptism and other issues, Anabaptists were heavily persecuted during the 16th century and into the 17th by both Magisterial Protestants and Roman Catholics.

After several false starts during the 16th and 17th centuries the brass industry was also established in England taking advantage of abundant supplies of cheap copper smelted in the new coal fired reverberatory furnace.

Successful recreations have been performed by Anthemius of Tralles ( 6th century AD ), Proclus ( 6th century ) ( who by this means purportedly destroyed the fleet of Vitellus besieging Constantinople ), Ibn Sahl in his On Burning Mirrors and Lenses ( 10th century ), Alhazen in his Book of Optics ( 1021 ), Roger Bacon ( 13th century ), Giambattista della Porta and his friends ( 16th century ), Athanasius Kircher and Gaspar Schott ( 17th century ), the Comte du Buffon in 1740 in Paris, Ioannis Sakas in the 1970s in Greece, and others.

In the second, third and fourth chapters, the order of the 16th letter ( ע ) and the 17th ( פ ) is reversed.

In the 16th and the 17th centuries, the earliest European arrivals in China, the Christian Jesuits, considered Confucianism to be an ethical system, not a religion, and one that was compatible with Christianity.

However, during the 16th and 17th centuries, Cairo remained an important economic and cultural centre.

The use of mail as battlefield armour was common during the Iron Age and the Middle Ages, becoming less common over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries.

The demi-lancers and the heavily armored sword-and-pistol reiters were among the types of cavalry whose heyday was in the 16th and 17th centuries, as for the Polish winged hussars, a heavy cavalry force that achieved great success against Swedes, Russians, and Turks.

A little closer to modern democracy were the Cossack republics of Ukraine in the 16th – 17th centuries: Cossack Hetmanate and Zaporizhian Sich.

Several of the houses on the street are originally late 16th century or early 17th century and likely rebuilt on the site of earlier medieval dwellings.

The voyages of discovery of the 16th and 17th centuries acquainted Europeans with new and different cultures in the Americas, in Asia, and in the Pacific.

Consequently, the 16th and 17th centuries were to witness a succession of armed Druze rebellions against the Ottomans, countered by repeated Ottoman punitive expeditions against the Chouf, in which the Druze population of the area was severely depleted and many villages destroyed.

In English, the terms poniard and dirk are loaned during the late 16th to early 17th century, the latter in the spelling dork, durk ( presumably via Low German, Dutch or Scandinavian dolk, dolch, ultimately from a West Slavic tulich ), the modern spelling dirk dating to 18th-century Scots.

I don't even remember who wrote it but it was one of those 15th or 16th century poets.

There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

The abacus had fallen out of use in western Europe in the 16th century with the rise of decimal notation and algorismic methods.

The vowels are significant in the Greek language, and the syllabical Linear B script which was used by the Mycenaean Greeks from the 16th century BC had 87 symbols including 5 vowels.

* Anatomy in the 16th century studies and digitized texts by the BIUM ( Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine et d ' odontologie, Paris ) see its digital library Medic @.

The diverse ethnic communities – the Ovimbundu, Ambundu, Bakongo, Chokwe, and other peoples – maintain to varying degrees their own cultural traits, traditions and languages, but in the cities, where slightly more than half of the population now lives, a mixed culture has been emerging since colonial times – in Luanda since its foundation in the 16th century.

Kingdom of Portugal's explorers and settlers, founded trading posts and forts along the coast of Africa since the 15th century, and reached the Angolan coast in the 16th century.

Granuaile maintained a castle at Kildownet in the 16th century.

Kildamhnait on the south east coast of Achill is named after St. Damhnait, or Dymphna, who founded a church there in the 16th century.

These ideas were found in a number of Kabbalistic works from the 13th century, and also among many mystics in the late 16th century.

In the 16th century, Tycho Brahe used improved instruments, including large mural instruments, to measure star positions more accurately than previously, with a precision of 15 – 35 arcsec.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

Renaissance architects included Alberti, Brunelleschi and Bramante. Many of these artists came from Florence and it remained an important centre for the Renaissance into the 16th century eventually to be overtaken by Rome and Venice.

With the Academies in Europe ( second half of 16th century ) the gap between fine and applied arts was definitely set.

A third use of the term pertains specifically to the indigenous peoples of the Americas, for instance, " In the 16th century, many Americans died from imported diseases during the European conquest ".

There is a long history of mining in the Andes, from the Spanish silver mines in Potosí in the 16th century to the vast current porphyry copper deposits of Chuquicamata and Escondida in Chile and Toquepala in Peru.

According to a 16th century French poem, Dionysus, the god of intoxication, and of wine, was pursuing a maiden named Amethystos, who refused his affections.