Now, although the roots of the mystery story in serious literature go back as far as Balzac, Dickens, and Poe, it was not until the closing decades of the 19th century that the private detective became an established figure in popular fiction.

This Europeanization of the law was made explicit by a number of 19th century scholars.

The Civil War was a significant force in the eventual dominance of the singular usage by the end of the 19th century.

In the zoological sciences, some of his observations were confirmed to be accurate only in the 19th century.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century advances in mathematical logic.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

From its beginnings in the early 19th century through the early 20th century, anthropology in the United States was influenced by the presence of Native American societies.

In Greece, there was since the 19th century a science of the folklore called laographia ( laography ), in the form of " a science of the interior ", although theoretically weak ; but the connotation of the field deeply changed after World War II, when a wave of Anglo-American anthropologists introduced a science " of the outside ".

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Early 19th century.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

From the 19th century it once again became more and more popular.

Yombe people | Yombe-sculpture, 19th century

Portugal has been present in Angola for 400 years, occupied the territory in the 19th and early 20th century, and ruled over it for about 50 years.

Distinctions in vocabulary persist, for example, in culinary terms, where communication with Germans is frequently difficult, and administrative and legal language, which is due to Austria's exclusion from the development of a German nation-state in the late 19th century and its manifold particular traditions.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

The Iron is a famous 19th century landmark in central Norrköping

The museum can be found in the 19th century building The Iron in the Motala ström river in central Norrköping.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Later in the 19th century, other missionaries adapted Evans ' system to other Canadian aboriginal languages.

Charles Dickens was a prominent English author of the 19th century.

Leo Tolstoy was a prominent Russian author of the 19th century.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, physicists discovered subatomic components and structure inside the atom, thereby demonstrating that the ' atom ' was divisible.

Émile Zola was a prominent French author of the 19th century.

Mark Twain was a prominent American author of the 19th century.

The idea that alternative mathematical systems might exist was very troubling to mathematicians of the 19th century and the developers of systems such as Boolean algebra made elaborate efforts to derive them from traditional arithmetic.

The system was first discovered at the end of the 19th century, and first excavated and studied in the 1970s.

While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic peoples, the term was coined in the late 19th century in Germany as a more scientific-sounding term for Judenhass (" Jew-hatred "),

Doubleday's purported invention of baseball was such a widely accepted belief in the late 19th century, that the legend was recorded on a Civil War monument in Maryland in 1897.

Another amino acid that was discovered in the early 19th century was cystine, in 1810, although its monomer, cysteine, was discovered much later, in 1884.

Benzene, C < sub > 6 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub >, is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon and was recognized as the first aromatic hydrocarbon, with the nature of its bonding first being recognized by Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz in the 19th century.

In the 19th century, the color of amethyst was attributed to the presence of manganese.

The party moved towards social liberalism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and came to be seen as being on the centre-left of British politics.

The blues ballad has been seen as a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles of music from the 19th century.

In the 19th century, several disparate mathematical properties were understood that would later be seen as consequences of compactness.

However, a different notion of compactness altogether had also slowly emerged at the end of the 19th century from the study of the continuum, which was seen as fundamental for the rigorous formulation of analysis.

The Wade – Giles romanization " Tao Te Ching " dates back to early English transliterations in the late 19th century ; its influence can be seen in words and phrases that have become well-established in English.

His compositions were written in the popular Italian opera style of the 19th century, which exploit the double bass in a way that was not seen beforehand.

While it had been the early 19th century that had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering.

; Forgotten Futures V: Goodbye Piccadilly …: The destruction of London, as seen by a variety of authors around the end of the 19th century.

One of these trees ( the " Old Tree ") lived until the 19th century, and may be seen, as a dry stump, near the assembly house.

This is a relatively recent phenomenon ; until the last few decades a sovereign was seen as the personal embodiment of the state (" L ' etat c ' est moi ", so to speak ), and therefore could not be head of himself or herself ( hence many constitutions from the 19th century and earlier make no mention of a " head of state ").

Nonetheless, the term is used today to describe the music seen as a reaction to 19th century Romanticism.

Henry Maudslay, who trained a school of machine tool makers early in the 19th century, was employed at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, as a young man where he would have seen the large horse-driven wooden machines for cannon boring made and worked by the Verbruggans.

While doing research into local economics during 1989, Glover had seen an " Hour " note 19th century British industrialist Robert Owen issued to his workers for spending at his company store.

The classical style made a comeback in the late 19th century, as seen in Lady Dufferin Hospital ( 1898 ) and the Cantt.

This can clearly be seen in India after the full establishment of British Raj in the 19th century.

Racial ideology is not to be found entirely in maps of colonialization, it is also seen within the biopolitics of the early 19th century with the rise of the “ population ” as a unit of analysis, and a governmental concern with health and crime that led attempts to understand, and categorize, the population.

Ramism could not exert any influence on the established Catholic schools and universities, which remained loyal to Scholasticism, or on the new Catholic schools and universities founded by members of the religious orders known as the Society of Jesus or the Oratorians, as can be seen in the Jesuit curriculum ( in use right up to the 19th century, across the Christian world ) known as the Ratio Studiorum ( that Claude Pavur, S. J., has recently translated into English, with the Latin text in the parallel column on each page ( St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Sources, 2005 )).

Although the engineering education of the late 19th and early 20th century were scientifically founded, up until the early 20th century, research as such was not seen as a central activity of an Institute of Technology.

Similarly, most of the traditions associated with monarchy of the United Kingdom, seen as rooted deep in history, actually date to 19th century.

" For 19th century readers, his career seemed to decline afterward, but during the early 20th century it was seen as the beginning of a career that peaked with Moby-Dick ( 1851 ).

While the 19th century had seen the success of the wave theory at describing light, it had also witnessed the rise of the atomic theory at describing matter.

The city centre has also retained architecture from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly the interwar period, which is often seen as the " golden age " of Bucharest architecture.

This system of apprenticeship and informal adoption extended into the 19th century, today seen as a transitional phase for adoption history.