It was also turned into the female form Ἀχιλλεία ( Achilleía ) attested in Attica in the 4th century BC ( IG II² 1617 ) and, in the form Achillia, on a stele in Halicarnassus as the name of a female gladiator fighting an " Amazon ".

About the 4th century BCE, the paean became merely a formula of adulation ; its object was either to implore protection against disease and misfortune, or to offer thanks after such protection had been rendered.

Marble, Roman copy of a Greek original of the 4th century BCE, from the collection of Cardinal Albani

In the 4th century BC Alexander the Great conquered the peninsula, defeating the Persians.

The name Asia Minor was given by the Latin author Orosios in the 4th century AD.

In the latter part of the 4th century BC, the Macedonian Greek king Alexander the Great conquered the peninsula.

The texts, which were rendered on leather, reflect the use of Aramaic in the 4th century BCE Achaemenid administration of Bactria and Sogdiana.

** Laozi ( 5th – 4th century BC )

** Zhuangzi ( 4th century BC )

: Metrodorus of Chios ( 4th century BC )

" Arianism " is also often used to refer to other nontrinitarian theological systems of the 4th century, which regarded Jesus Christ — the Son of God, the Logos — as either a created being ( as in Arianism proper and Anomoeanism ), or as neither uncreated nor created in the sense other beings are created ( as in Semi-Arianism ).

Controversy over Arianism arose in the late 3rd century and persisted throughout most of the 4th century.

But, by the end of the 4th century Trinitarianism prevailed in the Roman Empire.

The conflict in the 4th century had seen Arian and Nicene factions struggling for control of the Church.

The real founder of cenobitic ( koinos, common, and bios, life ) monasteries in the modern sense was Pachomius, an Egyptian of the beginning of the 4th century.

Palladius, who visited the Egyptian monasteries about the close of the 4th century, found among the 300 members of the coenobium of Panopolis, under the Pachomian rule, 15 tailors, 7 smiths, 4 carpenters, 12 cameldrivers and 15 tanners.

Aurelius Ambrosius, better known in English as Saint Ambrose ( c. 330 – 4 April 397 ), was an archbishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century.

In the late 4th century there was a deep conflict in the diocese of Milan between the Catholics and Arians.

In the 4th century BC it continued its traditional policy, but in 338 was besieged by Philip II of Macedon.

Amber is discussed by Theophrastus, possibly the first historical mention of the material, in the 4th century BC.

Alcidamas, of Elaea, in Aeolis, Greek sophist and rhetorician, flourished in the 4th century BC.

The Theban army under Pelopidas is said to have been dismayed by an eclipse ( on July 13, 364, see 4th century BC eclipses ), and Pelopidas, leaving the bulk of his army behind, entered Thessaly at the head of three hundred volunteer horsemen and some mercenaries.

Their non-Greek language is confirmed on the site by inscriptions in the Cypriot syllabary which alone in the Aegean world survived the Bronze Age collapse and continued to be used down to the 4th century BC.

* Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus ( Saint Andronicus ), a 4th century martyr

The most detailed account of Mangonel use is from “ Eric Marsden's translation of a text written by Ammianus Marcellius in the 4th Century AD ” describing its construction and combat usage.

Jerome, who wrote the Latin Vulgate translation, wrote in the 4th century, " it is rejected by everyone " and included it in the Vulgate, which is the reason for translating the letter into Latin.

A Bohairic translation was made later, but existed already in the 4th century.

Though the consonants differ little from the text generally accepted in the early 2nd century ( and also differ little from some Qumran texts that are even older ), it has numerous differences of both greater and lesser significance when compared to ( extant 4th century ) manuscripts of the Septuagint, a Greek translation ( made in the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE ) of the Hebrew Scriptures that was in popular use in Egypt and Israel and that is believed by scholars to be the source often quoted in the New Testament.

His fame rests chiefly on the preface and notes to his translation of Samuel Pufendorf's treatise De Jure Naturae et Gentium, translated as Of the Law of Nature and Nations, 4th ed., 1729, London, by B. Kennett et al.

The earliest translation to witness to a Greek base conforming generally to the Byzantine text in the Gospels is the Syriac Peshitta ( though it has many Alexandrian and Western readings ); usually dated to the 4th century ; although in respect of several much contested readings, such as Mark 1: 2 and John 1: 18, the Peshitta rather supports the Alexandrian witnesses.

Its author is usually known as pseudo-Callisthenes, although in the Latin translation by Julius Valerius Alexander Polemius ( beginning of the 4th century ) it is ascribed to a certain Aesopus ; Aristotle, Antisthenes, Onesicritus and Arrian have also been credited with the authorship.

The Codex Argenteus, " Silver Book ", is a 6th century manuscript, originally containing bishop Ulfilas's 4th century translation of the Bible into the Gothic language.

Their translation from Jerusalem to the complex of palaces that became the ancient seat of popes in the 4th century is credited to Saint Helena, mother of the Emperor Constantine I.

The oldest surviving Hebrew Bible manuscripts date to about the 2nd century BCE ( fragmentary ), the oldest record of the complete text survives in a Greek translation called the Septuagint, dating to the 4th century CE ( Codex Sinaiticus ) and the oldest extant manuscripts of the vocalized Masoretic text upon which modern editions are based date to the 9th century CE.

* Enchiridion Indulgentiarum, 4th edition, 1999 ( Latin ) ( English translation: " Manual of Indulgences ", published by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, ISBN 1-57455-474-3 )

In the 4th century AD a certain Q. Septimius brought out Dictys Cretensis Ephemeridos belli Trojani, (" Dictys of Crete, chronicle of the Trojan War ") in six books, a work that professed to be a Latin translation of the Greek version.

The fragment, consisting of 85 lines, is a 7th-century Latin manuscript bound in an eighth or 7th century codex that came from the library of Columban's monastery at Bobbio ; it contains internal cues which suggest that it is a translation from a Greek original written about 170 or as late as the 4th century.

The Trinitarian Bible Society would fit in this division ; but " the Trinitarian Bible Society does not believe the Authorized Version to be a perfect translation, only that it is the best available translation in the English language ," and " the Society believes this text is superior to the texts used by the United Bible Societies and other Bible publishers, which texts have as their basis a relatively few seriously defective manuscripts from the 4th century and which have been compiled using 20th century rationalistic principles of scholarship.

The New Testament translation was based on the two standard editions of the Greek New Testament ( the UBS 4th revised edition and the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece 27th edition ).

The history of western medieval philosophy is generally divided into two periods, early medieval philosophy, which started with St. Augustine in the mid 4th century and lasted until the recovery in the 13th century West of a great bulk of Aristotle's works and their subsequent translation into Latin from the Arabic and Greek, and high medieval philosophy, which came about as a result of the recovery of Aristotle.

Le Répertoire de la Cuisine, written by Escoffier's student Louis Saulnier, is a companion guide to this culinary reference. English translation of 4th edition

4th ed., 1878 ; English translation by G. Sturge, 1874 ), with

It is performed in the Faroese language but the extract below ( the 3rd and 4th verses out of eight ) includes an English translation:

Although not a translation of the original paper, a very useful 4th version exists that " cover ground quite similar to that covered by Godel's original 1931 paper on undecidability " ( Davis 1952: 39 ), as well as Gödel's own extensions of and commentary on the topic.

In his 4th century Latin translation of the story of Noah, St Jerome rendered " leaf of olive " ( Hebrew alay zayit ) in Genesis 8: 11 as " branch of olive " ( Latin ramum olivae ).

The Syriac Sinaitic ( syr < sup > s </ sup >), known also as the Sinaitic Palimpsest, of Saint Catherine's Monastery, Mount Sinai is a late 4th century manuscript of 358 pages, containing a translation of the four canonical gospels of the New Testament into Syriac, which have been overwritten by a vita ( biography ) of female saints and martyrs with a date corresponding to AD 778.

George Howard ( Hebraist ), Associate Professor of Religion and Hebrew at the University of Georgia has argued ( 1995 ) that some or all of these three medieval Hebrew versions may have descended ( without any intervening translation ) from ancient Hebrew manuscripts of Matthew, which may have been used by early Christians in the 1st or 2nd century, but were nearly extinct by the time of Jerome, late in the 4th century.