In Greek mythology, Achilles (, Akhilleus, ) was a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad.

" In other words, Achilles is an embodiment of the grief of the people, grief being a theme raised numerous times in the Iliad ( frequently by Achilles ).

He demanded her return, and the Achaeans complied, indirectly causing the anger of Achilles, which is the theme of the Iliad.

The Iliad tells the story of the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles in the final year of the war.

The first line of Homer ’ s Iliad —“ Sing, goddess, the wrath of Peleus ’ son Achilles ”— provides an example:

This may take the form of a purpose ( as in Milton, who proposed " to justify the ways of God to men "); of a question ( as in the Iliad, which Homer initiates by asking a Muse to sing of Achilles ' anger ); or of a situation ( as in the Song of Roland, with Charlemagne in Spain ).

A 2004 film version of Troy has Achilles slaying Hector following a duel, whereas in the Iliad it is rather different.

The film version of his death more resembles the single combat between the champions mentioned by Achilles in the Iliad, book 9.

It is crucial, however, not to underestimate the creative and transforming power of subsequent tradition: for instance, Achilles, the most important character of the Iliad, is strongly associated with southern Thessaly, but his legendary figure is interwoven into a tale of war whose kings were from the Peloponnese.

In Iliad XVIII, when Thetis cries out in sympathy for the grief of Achilles for the slain Patroclus:

In ancient Greece, the earliest mention of oratorical skill occurs in Homer's Iliad, where heroes like Achilles, Hektor, and Odysseus were honored for their ability to advise and exhort their peers and followers ( the Laos or army ) in wise and appropriate action.

Achilles sacrificing to Zeus ( Ambrosian Iliad )

In Iliad I, Achilles recalls to his mother her role in defending, and thus legitimizing, the reign of Zeus against an incipient rebellion by three Olympians, each of whom has pre-Olympian roots:

In the Iliad, the rich iconography of Achilles ' shield, which was fashioned by Hephaestus, is enclosed, as the world itself was believed to be, by Oceanus:

In Homer's Iliad, Phoenix, along with Odysseus and Ajax, urges Achilles to re-enter battle.

Also in the Iliad, when the River Scamander, indignant at the sight of so many corpses in his water, overflows and threatens to drown Achilles, the latter grasps a branch of a great elm in an attempt to save himself (« ὁ δὲ πτελέην ἕλε χερσὶν εὐφυέα μεγάλην ».

Achilles and his treatment of Hector's corpse in Homer's Iliad demonstrates hubris.

They were very brave and skilled warriors commanded by Achilles, as described in Homer's Iliad.

As recounted in Homer's Iliad, Iphis was the mistress of Patroclus, Achilles ' companion-in-arms.

in which she is mentioned by Achilles to Priam in Homer's Iliad is as a stock type for mourning.

Book 16 of the Iliad tells us that Achilles had a third horse, Pedasos ( maybe " Jumper ", maybe " Captive "), which was yoked as a " trace horse ", along with Xanthus and Balios.

At Iliad 17. 590, Automedon, Achilles ' charioteer, states that only Patroclus was able to fully control these horses.

In Homer's Iliad ( circa 750 BCE ), Achilles prays to " High Zeus, Lord of Dodona, Pelasgian, living afar off, brooding over wintry Dodona ".

* In Iliad 9. 165-93 three characters, Phoinix, Odysseus, and Aias set out on an embassy to Achilleus ; however, at line 182 the poet uses a verb in the dual form to indicate that there are only two people going ; at lines 185ff.

He also uses the epic style of invocations, lamentations, exclamations and similes, and in some cases adds parody to imitation by following the framework of actual speeches in Homer ’ s Iliad.

The concept of using a shield to cover an archer dates to at least to the writing of Homer's Iliad, where Ajax uses his shield to cover his half-brother Teucer, an archer, while he would " peer round " and shoot arrows.

Homer ( the Iliad and the Odyssey ) uses about 9, 000 words, of which 1, 382 are proper names.

* Iliad – uses Bayesian reasoning to calculate probabilities of various diagnoses under consideration in internal medicine.

The political aspects are especially pronounced in the Western tradition, beginning with the opening words of Homer's Iliad, " Of the rage of Achilles, son of Peleus, sing Goddess ...".

Homer's brief description in the Iliad is the earliest surviving literary reference: " a thing of immortal make, not human, lion-fronted and snake behind, a goat in the middle, and snorting out the breath of the terrible flame of bright fire ".

In Homer's Iliad, the horses of the Myrmidons graze on wild celery that grows in the marshes of Troy, and in Odyssey, there is mention of the meadows of violet and wild celery surrounding the cave of Calypso.

In Book XVII of The Iliad, Apollo disguises himself as Mentes to encourage Hector to fight Menelaus, (" Hector, now you're going after something you'll not catch, chasing the horses of warrior Achilles, descendant of Aeacus.

Hellanicus of Mytilene, in Fragment 7 of the Argolica, concerns himself with one word in one line of the Iliad, " pasture-land of horses ", applied to Argos in the Peloponnesus.

In Homer's Iliad, he rides into battle once Patroclus has donned Achilles's armor, commanding Achilles ' horses Balius and Xanthos.

In more recent times it has been argued that the fantastic and magical content of the non-Homeric epics mark them as inferior ; on the other hand, parts of the Iliad and most of the Odyssey could sound just as fantastic if only brief summaries of them survived, with talking horses, a river chasing a man, and one-eyed man-eating monsters.

Ethos (, plurals: ethe ( ἤθη ), ethea ( ἤθεα )) is a Greek word originally meaning " accustomed place " ( as in " the habitat of horses ", Iliad 6. 511 ), " custom, habit ", equivalent to Latin mores.

Rhesus or Rhêsos () was a Thracian king who fought on the side of Trojans in Iliad, Book X, where Diomedes and Odysseus stole his team of fine horses during a night raid on the Trojan camp.

If Cynewulf was literate, the Beowulf poet may have been also, and so may the final redactor of The Iliad and The Odyssey.

In the Iliad, Apollo is the healer under the gods, but he is also the bringer of disease and death with his arrows, similar to the function of the terrible Vedic god of disease Rudra.

He is a significant figure in Homer's Iliad and is also mentioned in the Odyssey and Virgil's Aeneid.

In the Iliad, the character Paris is known also as Alexander.

Homer expressed her relationship with Zeus delicately in the Iliad, in which she declares to Zeus, " I am Cronus ' eldest daughter, and am honourable not on this ground only, but also because I am your wife, and you are king of the gods.

Odysseus also plays a key role in Homer's Iliad and other works in the Epic Cycle.

There is also mention of an Alaksandu, suggested to be Paris Alexander ( King Priam's son from the Iliad ), a later ruler of the city of Wilusa who established peace between Wilusa and Hatti ( see the Alaksandu treaty ).

Both fragments make direct allusions to scenes in Homer ’ s Iliad, while Sappho also expands them with her own narrative illustrations.

He also translated The Iliad of Homer.

Prominent in both the Iliad and Odyssey, Menelaus was also popular in Greek vase painting and Greek tragedy ; the latter more as a hero of the Trojan War than as a member of the doomed House of Atreus.

In another scholium, it is said that the Argonautica's account of Ganymede's abduction by an amorous Zeus ( Argonautica 3. 114 – 17 ) was also modelled on a version by Ibycus ( in Homer's earlier account, Zeus abducted the youth to be his wine-pourer: Iliad 20. 234 ), and that Ibycus, moreover, described the abduction of Tithonus by Dawn ( Eos ).

The earliest appearances of a paean or hymn of thanksgiving also appear in the Iliad.

He also had a son named Bucolion by the nymph Calybe, as recounted by Homer in the Iliad ( 6. 22 ).

In the version given by the Little Iliad and repeated by Pausanias ( x 25. 4 ), he was killed by Neoptolemus ( also called Pyrrhus ), who threw the infant from the walls.

He is also mentioned in Homer's Iliad ; Book 2 describes his exile on the island of Lemnos, his wound by snake-bite, and his eventual recall by the Greeks.

In the Iliad, " Hellas " () and " Hellenes " were names of the tribe ( also called " Myrmidones ") settled in Pyhthia, led by Achilles.

Walter Burkert points out, " When in the Iliad Zeus calls the gods into assembly on Mount Olympus, it is not only the well-known Olympians who come along, but also all the nymphs and all the rivers ; Okeanos alone remains at his station ", Greek hearers recognized this impossibility as the poet's hyperbole, which proclaimed the universal power of Zeus over the ancient natural world: " the worship of these deities ," Burkert confirms, " is limited only by the fact that they are inseparably identified with a specific locality.

She was probably also the mother of the famous physicians Machaon and Podalirius, who are mentioned in the Iliad of Homer.

The Iliad also refers to " Pelasgic Argos ", which is most likely to be the plain of Thessaly, and to " Pelasgic Zeus ", living in and ruling over Dodona, which must be the oracular one in Epirus.

Homer also confirmed Hypnos and Thanatos as twin brothers in his epic poem, the Iliad, where they were charged by Zeus via Apollo with the swift delivery of the slain hero Sarpedon to his homeland of Lycia.

Virgil's Aeneid, in many respects, emulated Homer's Iliad ; Plautus, a comic playwright, followed in the footsteps of Aristophanes ; Tacitus ' Annals and Germania follow essentially the same historical approaches that Thucydides devised ( the Christian historian Eusebius does also, although far more influenced by his religion than either Tacitus or Thucydides had been by Greek and Roman polytheism ); Ovid and his Metamorphoses explore the same Greek myths again in new ways.

It is written in mixed hexameter and iambic lines, an odd whim of Pigres, who also inserted a pentameter line after each hexameter of the Iliad as a curious literary game.

Translations of classical poetry also became more widespread, with the versions of Ovid's Metamorphoses by Arthur Golding ( 1565 – 67 ) and George Sandys ( 1626 ), and Chapman's translations of Homer's Iliad ( 1611 ) and Odyssey ( c. 1615 ), among the outstanding examples.

Three years after his death appeared also the last twelve books of the Iliad, published by his son Samuel Clarke, the first three of these books and part of the fourth having, as he states, been revised and annotated by his father.