Issuers will sometimes not include a greenshoe option in a transaction when they have a specific objective for the offering and do not want the possibility of raising more money than planned.

Issuers of payday loans defend their higher interest rates by saying processing costs for payday loans are significantly higher than other loans, including home mortgages.

Issuers can be central organisations, such as the Post Office in Great Britain, which are appointed and regulated by the national government.

* 501 ( c )( 29 ) — Qualified Nonprofit Health Insurance Issuers ( Created in section 1322 ( h )( 1 ) of the Affordable Care Act )

Issuers usually retain investment banks to assist them in administering the IPO, obtaining SEC ( or other regulatory body ) approval of the offering filing, and selling the new issue.

Issuers may seek listings for their securities to attract investors, by ensuring there is a liquid and regulated market that investors can buy and sell securities in.

Issuers may either pay to trustees, which in turn call randomly selected bonds in the issue, or, alternatively, purchase bonds in open market, then return them to trustees.

Issuers rely on credit ratings as an independent verification of their own credit-worthiness and the resultant value of the instruments they issue.

Issuers also use credit ratings in certain structured finance transactions.

CDO Issuers often enter TRS agreements as protection seller in order to leverage the returns for the structure's debt investors.

While the Digital Gold Issuers employ data security experts to protect their systems, the average account holder's computer is poorly protected against malware ( trojans, worms, and viruses ) that can be used to intercept information that could be used to access the user's DGC account.

Issuers have taken quite different approaches to this problem.

When Maloney proposed her Credit Card Holders Bill of Rights, she was widely criticized by Credit Card Issuers.

Issuers, domestic concerns, and any person from making use of interstate commerce corruptly, in furtherance of an offer or payment of anything of value to a foreign official, foreign political party, or candidate for political office, for the purpose of influencing any act of that foreign official in violation of the duty of that official, or to secure any improper advantage in order to obtain or retain business.

Issuers of whole loan CMOs generally structure their deals to reduce the credit risk of all certain classes of bonds (" Senior Bonds ") by utilizing various forms of credit protection in the structure of the deal.

Issuers have also taken the form of occupation forces ; revolutionary regimes ; agencies representing foreign post offices ; international organisations ; postal agencies appointed by individual cities, states ( in the federal sense ), territories, provinces or colonies ; and even groups of countries with common issues under a combined postal administration.

* Rules which regulate the obligations of companies after their securities have been admitted to trading ( e. g., continuous disclosure rules ) – also covered by the Issuers and Securities Rules

The degree requisite for a physician's or dentist's license is called Licentiate of Medicine or Dentistry ( lääketieteen / hammaslääketieteen lisensiaatti medicine / odontologie licentiat ).

He acquired the degree of Licentiate of Sacred Theology in the University of Frankfurt an der Oder, 1517, and that of Doctor of Sacred Theology, 1518, by defending, in two disputations, the doctrine of indulgences against Luther.

* Licentiate of Dental Surgery, a dental degree

Topelius became a student at the Imperial Alexander University of Finland in 1833, received his master's degree degree in 1840, the Licentiate degree in 1844 and was made a doctor of philosophy in 1847, having defended a dissertation titled De modo matrimonia jungendi apud fennos quondam vigente (" About the custom of marriage among the ancient Finns ").

In Sweden, Finland, and in some other European university systems, a license or ' Licentiate ' is a postgraduate degree between the master's degree and the doctorate.

The Licentiate is a popular choice in those countries where a full doctoral degree would take five or more years to achieve.

During this period, Koivisto also finished his studies, graduating from the University of Turku with a Master of Arts degree and a Licentiate in 1953, intending to become a sociologist.

He continued his studies towards a Licentiate in Law — roughly equivalent to a modern Master ’ s degree — which he finished in 1605, without, however, taking the degree.

( Latin Legum Licentiatus, Licentiate of Laws ), to distinguish it from the first degree in common law ( i. e., the Bachelor of Laws ( LL. B.

Most people who started at a doctoral degree had already studied for six or seven years and obtained a Candidate degree ( six years ) or a Magister degree ( seven – eight years ), sometimes a Licentiate ( a " smaller doctorate ").

degree is today considered a higher doctorate, as opposed to the PhD, which is considered a " smaller doctorate " at the same level as the former Licentiate and Magister's degree.

Only medicine and dentistry retain their non-standard degree structure, where the Licentiate – higher than master's, less extensive than Doctor of Medicine or Dentistry degree – serves as the basic degree.

After the higher polytechnic degree, the remaining degrees ( Licentiate and Doctor ) are available only in universities.

After the master's degree, there are two further post-graduate degrees — an intermediate postgraduate degree, called Licentiate, and the Doctoral ( Doctorate ) degree.

Notable people who qualified in medicine as a Licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries ( LSA ) include John Keats ( 1816 ), Elizabeth Garrett Anderson ( 1865, thereby becoming the first ostensible female recipient of a UK medical qualification ), and Ronald Ross ( 1881 ).

Notable faculties which offer the degree Licentiate of Sacred Theology include: The Catholic University of Louvain ; the Pontifical University of Salamanca ; the Catholic University of America ; the University of Fribourg, Switzerland ; the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas ( Angelicum ); the Pontifical Gregorian University ( Gregorianum ); the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross ( Santa Croce ); the Pontifical Urban University ( Urbanianum ); St Patrick's College, Maynooth, Ireland ; Regis College, University of Toronto ; and, the Pontifical Lateran University ( Lateranum ).

: National examples of the License are listed at Licentiate

The titles " psychotherapist " ( psychotherapeut ) and " healthcare psychologist " ( gz-psycholoog / gezondheidszorgpsycholoog ) are restricted through the Individual Healthcare Professions Act ( wet BIG ) to those who have followed further postgraduate ( PsyD / DPsych or Licentiate level ) training.

The Licentiate and Fellowship levels are optional, higher level qualifications that existed before 2002 and retain their previous status.

There are three levels of qualification that certify teachers to enter candidates for IDTA examinations, they are Associate, Licentiate and Fellowship.

Cap tassels should be uniformly black .” The other such degrees in the United States are the Licentiate degrees granted by pontifical universities and the professional engineer diploma.

The postgraduate degrees are the Licentiate of Arts in Music Lic. A.

" The academic degrees conferred by an Ecclesiastical Faculty are: Baccalaureate, Licentiate, and Doctorate.

The usual prerequisites to become a Licentiate of Sacred Theology are that a candidate must have the Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree ( S. T. B.

Post nominals for members are FICWCI ( Fellow ), MICWCI ( Member ) and LICWCI ( Licentiate ).

Currently the only institutions in Australia to grant licentiates, apart from theological colleges, are the Australian Music Examinations Board and the Australian College of Music, which confer licentiate diplomas, including the Licentiate in Music, Australia ( LMusA ).

Licentiate degree holders are officially eligible for independent scientific research in Universities, and entitled to the right to supervise Master's and Licentiate degree theses.

The program for a Licentiate degree is equivalent to a total of two years of full-time study for those who are awarded a doctoral position.

A medical graduate must obtain the qualification of Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada from the Medical Council of Canada before they are eligible to apply for licensure in the province or territory concerned.

Upon graduation students are granted the diploma of ' Licentiate in Business Economics ' ( Post-Bologna process, Master in Business Economics ), a degree equivalent to the traditional four-year university degree in economics.