In municipal systems we tend to view what is called positivism as fundamentally a movement to democratize policy by increasing the power of parliament -- the elected representatives -- at the expense of the more conservative judiciary.

But Sapir had since become influenced by a current of logical positivism, such as that of Bertrand Russel and the early Ludwig Wittgenstein, particularly through Ogden and Richards ' The Meaning of Meaning, from which he adopted the a view that natural language potentially obscures, rather than facilitates, the mind to perceive and describe the world as it really is.

There are many variants of empiricism, positivism and realism being among the most commonly expounded but central to all empiricist epistemologies is the notion of the epistemologically privileged status of sense data.

On one extreme is logical positivism, which denies the validity of any beliefs held by faith ; on the other extreme is fideism, which holds that true belief can only arise from faith, because reason and physical evidence cannot lead to truth.

He is well known for debating the existence of God with Bertrand Russell in a celebrated 1948 BBC broadcast ; the following year he debated logical positivism and the meaningfulness of religious language with his friend the analytic philosopher A. J. Ayer.

Within the context of 20th century philosophy, the conflict over whether ahistorical and immanent methodologies were sufficient to understand meaning — that is to say, " what you see is what you get " positivism — or whether context, background and culture are important beyond the mere need to decode words, phrases and references.

This may take the form of conservatism ( former might is right ), positivism ( might is right ) or futurism ( coming might is right ).

* Legal positivism, by contrast to natural law, holds that there is no necessary connection between law and morality and that the force of law comes from some basic social facts although positivists differ on what those facts are.

" Legal positivism is the dominant theory, although there are a growing number of critics, who offer their own interpretations.

One important debate is within legal positivism.

One school is sometimes called exclusive legal positivism, and it is associated with the view that the legal validity of a norm can never depend on its moral correctness.

A second school is labeled inclusive legal positivism, a major proponent of which is Wil Waluchow, and it is associated with the view that moral considerations may determine the legal validity of a norm, but that it is not necessary that this is the case.

Some philosophers used to contend that positivism was the theory that there is " no necessary connection " between law and morality ; but influential contemporary positivists, including Joseph Raz, John Gardner, and Leslie Green, reject that view.

Logical positivism ( also known as logical empiricism, scientific philosophy, and neo-positivism ) is a philosophy that combines empiricism — the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge — with a version of rationalism incorporating mathematical and logico-linguistic constructs and deductions of epistemology.

It is also possible, but equally doubtful, that he actually shot down the hundreds of men with which his legend credits him.

Let me pass over the trip to Sante Fe with something of the same speed which made Mrs. Roebuck `` wonduh if the wahtahm speed limit '' ( 35 m.p.h. ) `` is still in ee-faket ''.

The place is inhabited by several hundred warlike women who are anachronisms of the Twentieth Century -- stone age amazons who live in an all-female, matriarchal society which is self-sufficient ''.

It is the last of the three tests of manhood which the women impose, to discover if a male is worthy of survival there.

It took thirty of our women almost six moons to build this one, which is higher and stronger than the old one.

`` I'd like to know just which it is that those guys don't understand, the liquor or automobiles ''.

The woman eyed the youth with the avidity a coin collector might display toward a rare doubloon which is not yet in his collection.

It is these other differences between North and South -- other, that is, than those which concern discrimination or social welfare -- which I chiefly discuss herein.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

Of greater importance, however, is the content of those programs, which have had and are having enormous consequences for the American people.

Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '', the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized ''.

For better or for worse, we all now live in welfare states, the organizing principle of which is collective responsibility for individual well-being.

That is particularly true of sovereignty when it is applied to democratic societies, in which `` popular '' sovereignty is said to exist, and in federal nations, in which the jobs of government are split.

`` And if the dive goes OK he has the exclusive import rights to your line for this country, is that right ''??

In fact it has caused us to give serious thought to moving our residence south, because it is not easy for the most objective Southerner to sit calmly by when his host is telling a roomful of people that the only way to deal with Southerners who oppose integration is to send in troops and shoot the bastards down.

As it is, they consider that the North is now reaping the fruits of excess egalitarianism, that in spite of its high standard of living the `` American way '' has been proved inferior to the English and Scandinavian ways, although they disapprove of the socialistic features of the latter.

Historically, however, the concept is one that has been of marked benefit to the people of the Western civilizational group.

While the pattern is uneven, some having gained more than others, nationalism has in fact served the Western peoples well.

But it is more than irony: one of the main reasons why nationalism is no longer a tenable concept is because it has spread throughout the planet.

While sovereignty has roots in antiquity, in its present usage it is essentially modern.

It has nothing of the proud stride of the trained runner about it, it is not a lope, it is not done with style or verve.

It is softened by the saltbush and the bluebush, has a peaceful quality, the hills roll softly.

The music director of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, William Steinberg, has molded his group into a prominent musical organization, which is his life.

`` Now that Bruno Walter is virtually in retirement and my dear friend Dimitri Mitropoulos is no longer with us, I am probably the only one -- with the possible exception of Leonard Bernstein -- who has this special affinity for and champions the works of Bruckner and Mahler ''.

Even though in most cases the completion of the definitive editions of their writings is still years off, enough documentation has already been assembled to warrant drawing a new composite profile of the leadership which performed the heroic dual feats of winning American independence and founding a new nation.

It is interesting, however, that despite this strong upsurge in Southern writing, almost none of the writers has forsaken the firmly entrenched concept of the white-suited big-daddy colonel sipping a mint julep as he silently recounts the revenue from the season's cotton and tobacco crops ; ;

But the South is, and has been for the past century, engaged in a wide-sweeping urbanization which, oddly enough, is not reflected in its literature.

In the meantime, while the South has been undergoing this phenomenal modernization that is so disappointing to the curious Yankee, Southern writers have certainly done little to reflect and promote their region's progress.

An approach that has appealed to some choreographers is reminiscent of Charles Olson's statement of the process of projective verse: `` one perception must immediately and directly lead to a further perception ''.

The process stipulates that the choreographer sense the quality of the initial movement he has discovered and that he feel the rightness of the quality that is to follow it.