The Criminal Justice Act of 1948 restricted imprisonment for juveniles and brought improvements to the probation and remand centres systems, while the passage of the Justices of the Peace Act of 1949 led to extensive reforms of magistrates courts.

In the court system on the islands, there is a panel of Justices of the Peace ( JPs ) who sit in the Summary Court, which has no jury.

In December it was announced that all the offices of deputy lieutenants and Justices of the Peace would be revised.

The lowest courts in the Isle of Man are presided over by the High Bailiff and the Deputy High Bailiff, along with lay Justices of the Peace.

Locke's father, also called John, was a country lawyer and clerk to the Justices of the Peace in Chew Magna, who had served as a captain of cavalry for the Parliamentarian forces during the early part of the English Civil War.

The only native judges are the Justices of the Peace, who only handle civil cases where sums involved do not exceed 15, 000 €.

* December 1 – Under the County and Borough Police Act, in any county or area of England and Wales where a police force has not already been established, the Justices of the Peace must from this date take steps to create one according to nationally defined standards.

Justices of the Peace in Justice of the Peace Courts are addressed and referred to as " Your Honour ".

Yet the most significant legal reform was probably that concerning the Justices of the Peace.

Reber, Clerk ; Isaac Newland and Samuel Reed, Justices of the Peace ; William Riser and Isaac Stroup, Constables. Bonds totaling 18, 000 dollars were issued for the extension of the Frisco Railway through Bruno Township.

The town's Justices of the Peace in 1831 were Parker Merrill, George W. Pillsbury, Benning Leavitt, John Palmer and A.

Justices of The Peace: L. B.

He was the town's first postmaster and one of Fannin County's earliest Justices of the Peace.

Justices of Peace:

Lancashire's High Sheriff and Justices of the Peace petitioned the king to repair the castle.

Harrison had to divide his time between Lancaster and designing and building Chester Castle's Shire Hall and Courts ; work at Lancaster slowed, partly because of dwindling funds due to war with France, and Harrison was released from the work as the Justices of the Peace felt it was taking too long.

* His / Her Worship — mayors of territorial authorities and Justices of the Peace.

All Justices of the Peace would be allowed to submit cases to the court, with cases to be heard within 60 days.

The Legislative Council comprised the above officials and three Justices of the Peace.

* Leading the local magistracy as chairman of the Advisory Committee on Justices of the Peace ; and

* Justices of the Peace Act 1997

Justices of the Peace were reluctant to apply the full penalty.

Under the new arrangements the bailies were abolished and replaced by Justices of the Peace serving in the District Courts of Scotland, these posts no longer holding any authority within the local authority as an administrative body.

* William Lambarde-Eirenarcha: or of the Office of the Justices of Peace

* Justices of the Canadian provincial Supreme Courts, addressed in Court as " My Lord " or " My Lady " and referred to in legal literature as " Lordships " or " Ladyships ".

The Senior Courts Act 1981 provides that the Court of Appeal comprise 38 ordinary sitting Lords Justices and the Lord Chief Justice, Master of the Rolls, President of the Queen's Bench Division, President of the Family Division, and Chancellor of the High Court.

Courts Leet can be traced to Norman times, and the Manor of Fyling Court Leet was mentioned and recognised in the Administration of Justices Act 1977 to continue to transact the " Management of the Commons in the Manor ".

: Also be it enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That all Justices, Commissioners, Sheriffs, Coroners, Escheators, Stewards, and their Lieutenants, and all other Officers and Ministers of the Law, shall proclaim and keep the Sessions Courts, Hundreds, Leets, Sheriffs Courts, and all other Courts in the English Tongue ;

# Chief Justices and Associate Chief Justices of provincial Superior Courts

In the Irish Free State the position was effectively abolished by the District Justices ( Temporary Provisions ) Act 1923 and permanently abolished by the Courts of Justice Act 1924.

Within the Scottish legal system Justices of the Peace are lay magistrates who currently sit in the Justice of the Peace Courts.

A respect for the democratic process requires that the Courts uphold legislation if there are rational facts and reasons that could support Congressional judgment, even if the Justices would come to different conclusions.

The High Court can hear appeals from the Supreme Courts of the States, from any federal court or court exercising federal jurisdiction ( such as the Federal Court of Australia ), and from decisions made by one or more Justices exercising the original jurisdiction of the court.

Below him were the Chief Justices of the High Courts of Malaya and Borneo ( and, until 1969, Singapore: see Law of Singapore ).

In 1994, in a move regarded as a further downgrading of the judiciary, the office of Lord President was renamed " Chief Justice of the Federal Court ", and the offices of Chief Justices of the High Courts in Malaya and in Borneo renamed " Chief Judge of the High Court in Malaya " and " Chief Judge of the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak " respectively.

* The Commission of the Peace for the appointment of Justices to sit in Petty Sessional Courts and exercise the ordinary duties of the magistracy ;

* The Magistrates ' Courts ( Transfer of Justices ' Clerks ' Functions ) ( Miscellaneous Amendments ) Rules 2001 Statutory Instrument 2001 No. 615

In 2007, he was elected to the board of the Conference of Chief Justices. Chief Justice Hernández Denton is also a member of the American Bar Association, the Iberoamerican Summit of Chief Justices and of the Conference of Constitutional Courts of Latin America and Spain, and an elected member of the American Law Institute.

The first hierarchy of courts was also established, consisting of the Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements, Courts of Request, Courts of Two Magistrates, Magistrates ' Courts, Coroners ' Courts and Justices of the Peace.

They hear the most simple of criminal cases ( or sit when the Senior Magistrate is not in the Islands ) and they also act as the Licensing Justices who deal with alcohol-related applications, such as extended opening hours, special occasion licences, etc.

Several senior judges — Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, judges of the Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland and judges of the Inner House of the Court of Session ( the highest court in Scotland )— are also named to the Privy Council.

Judges of the Court of Appeal, also called Lords Justice of Appeal, are referred to as " Lord Justice N " or " Lady Justice N ." In writing, Lords Justices of Appeal are afforded the post nominal letters " LJ :" for example, Smith LJ.

Justices are also ratified by the electorate at the next general election following their appointment and at the end of each twelve year term.

Other federal judges, including circuit judges and Supreme Court Justices, can also sit in a district court upon assignment by the chief judge of the circuit or by the Chief Justice of the United States.

On two occasions he was Lord High Admiral for a short period ; he was also Lord President of the Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, while he acted as one of the Lords Justices seven times ; and he was President of the Royal Society in 1689 – 1690.

As well as the Lords Justices, the Lord Chancellor, any previous Lord Chancellors, the Lord Chief Justice, the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, the Vice-Chancellor of the Chancery Division and the Master of the Rolls could also hear cases, although in practice only the Master of the Rolls did so.

For example, Steven Foster of the Edinburgh University Press said: Law professor Ronald Rotunda has responded as follows: There has also been analysis of whether or not several Justices had a conflict of interest that should have forced them to recuse themselves from the decision.

The Legislative Yuan will also have the power to propose the impeachment of the president or vice president to the Council of Grand Justices.

Six of the current nine members of the court attended HLS: Chief Justice John Roberts, and Associate Justices Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer and Elena Kagan, who also served as the Dean of Harvard Law School from 2003 to 2009.

Former Presidents, Vice Presidents, First Ladies, Secretaries of State and Supreme Court Justices are also included in the list.

Brennan also talked down Justices Black and Douglas from their usual absolutist positions to achieve a compromise.

Justices can also be removed by the same mechanism.

Justices of the Peace, also called JPs, or Judges of the Justice Court, are elected in partisan elections for four year terms from specific districts called precincts.

New Hampshire Justices of the Peace are also authorized, upon a showing of probable cause supported by affidavit, to issue arrest warrants, search warrants, administrative inspection warrants and by court appointment, to fix and receive bail in criminal cases.

He also claims on his site that in 1977 he started ministering to " six presidents, over half the current U. S. Senators, three Supreme Court Justices, many congressmen, and governors ".

Frankfurter saw justices with ideas different from his own as part of a more liberal " Axis " – these opponents were chiefly Justices Black and Douglas, but would also include Murphy and Rutledge ; the group would for years oppose Frankfurter's judicially restrained ideology.

On two occasions he was Lord High Admiral for a short period ; he was also Lord President of the Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, while he acted as one of the Lords Justices seven times ; and he was President of the Royal Society in 1689 – 1690.

Alumni also include current United States Supreme Court Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Sonia Sotomayor, as well as a number of former Justices, including Abe Fortas, Potter Stewart and Byron White ; several heads of state around the world, including Karl Carstens, the fifth President of Germany, and Jose P. Laurel, the president of the Republic of the Philippines ; and the current deans of eight of the ten top-ranked law schools in the United States: Yale, Harvard, Columbia, Chicago, NYU, Michigan, Virginia, and Penn.

In both cases, William J. Brennan wrote the majority opinion, joined by Thurgood Marshall, Harry Blackmun, Antonin Scalia, and Anthony Kennedy ( Kennedy also authored a separate concurrence in Johnson ), and the dissenters in both cases were then-Chief Justice William Rehnquist ( who authored a dissent in Johnson ), and Justices John Paul Stevens ( who authored dissents in both cases ), Byron White and Sandra Day O ' Connor.

Justices also rode circuit in the various federal judicial circuits ; though these usually corresponded to the region from which the justice was appointed, Harlan was assigned the Seventh Circuit due to his junior status.

Justices Marshall, Blackmun, Scalia, and Kennedy joined Brennan, with Kennedy also writing a concurrence.

* Left Hand, West Virginia, also known as " Justices "