Robert Kilwardby ( c. 1215 – 11 September 1279 ) was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and as well as a cardinal.

Kilwardby was the first member of a mendicant order to attain a high ecclesisatical office in the English Church.

Kilwardby studied at the University of Paris, then was a teacher of grammar and logic there.

" Some sources state that he was the author of Summa Philosophiae, a history and description of the schools of philosophical thought then current, but the writing style is not similar to his other works, and Knowles, for one, does not believe it was authored by Kilwardby.

It has been alleged that Kilwardby was an opponent of Thomas Aquinas.

The Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Kilwardby, was also his friend ; but after Kilwardby's death in 1279 a series of disputes arose between the bishop and the new archbishop, John Peckham.

It is not clear to what extent the castle was rebuilt, but in 1275 Fitzwalter's grandson, also called Robert, was given licence to sell the site to Robert Kilwardby, the Archbishop of Canterbury for the precinct of the great Dominican Priory at Blackfriars built in 1276.

* September 11 – Robert Kilwardby, Archbishop of Canterbury

Kilwardby crowned Edward I and his wife Eleanor as king and queen of England in August 1274, but otherwise took little part in politics.

In 1278 Pope Nicholas III named Kilwardby Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina.

In 1276 Archbishop Robert Kilwardby acquired a charter for a weekly market, and this probably marks the foundation of Croydon as an urban centre.

The prisoners agreed, provided they might speak after the sermon, which was permitted.

The spirit of this group was that we were -- and are -- living in a world doomed to eternal punishment, but that God through Jesus Christ has provided a way of escape for those who confess their sins and accept salvation.

This lofty disregard for others was not shared by such men as Pierre Flotte and his associates, that `` brilliant group of mediocre men '', as Powicke calls them, who provided the brains for the French embassy that came to Rome under the nominal leadership of the archbishop of Narbonne, the duke of Burgundy, and the count of St.-Pol.

There was no time in the short Mexican encounter to evolve a solution but the area provided a proving ground for new departures in the near future.

When the United States entered the First World War Baker made certain that the Draft Act of 1917 prohibited the sale of liquor to men in uniform and that it provided for broad zones around the camps in which prostitution was outlawed.

The wholesome activities were to be provided by many organizations including the YMCA, the Knights of Columbus, the Jewish Welfare Board, the American Library Association, and the Playground and Recreation Association -- private societies which voluntarily performed the job that was taken over almost entirely by the Special Services Division of the Army itself in World War 2.

The CTCA program of activities was profuse: William Farnum and Mary Pickford on the screen, Elsie Janis and Harry Lauder on the stage, books provided by the American Library Association, full equipment for games and sports -- except that no `` bones '' were furnished for the all-time favorite pastime played on any floor and known as `` African golf ''.

A credulousness, a distaste for documentation, an uncritical reliance on contemporary accounts, and a proneness to assume a theory as true before adequate proof was provided were all evidences of his failure to comprehend the use of the scientific method or to evaluate the responsibilities of the historian to his reading public.

Both abolition of war and new techniques of production, particularly robot factories, greatly increase the world's wealth, a situation described in the following passage, which has the true utopian ring: `` Everything was so cheap that the necessities of life were free, provided as a public service by the community, as roads, water, street lighting and drainage had once been.

Another evidence of the spreading rule of reason was provided from Mexico City with the daily hijacking of an American plane by a demented Algerian with a gun.

His parents talked seriously and lengthily to their own doctor and to a specialist at the University Hospital -- Mr. McKinley was entitled to a discount for members of his family -- and it was decided it would be best for him to take the remainder of the term off, spend a lot of time in bed and, for the rest, do pretty much as he chose -- provided, of course, he chose to do nothing too exciting or too debilitating.

The Senate Subcommittee on Reorganization and International Organizations was provided samples of visual aids on first aid and personal health produced by the Medical Illustration Service.

Space was provided for short-time guest medical exhibits, and the Museum collected new accessions of microscopes, medical, surgical, and diagnostic instruments, uniform, and similar items of historical medico-military significance.

The new work was a boon to the partnership, not only for its own value but particularly for the stimulation it provided to the imagination of J. R. Brown toward yet further developments for production equipment.

It was stated earlier that one purpose of this study was to extend the analysis of variability of Onset and Completion in each of the 21 growth centers somewhat beyond that provided by the data in Tables 1 and 2.

However, a similar privilege was not specifically provided in section 168 for a person acquiring emergency facilities.

The questionnaire provided a place for the name of the respondent but stated that identification of the respondent was optional.

Since the strength of the Mexicans had been underrated, too small a posse had been collected, and since the deputy had not been provided with search warrants, MacPherson and his men decided it was much wiser to withdraw.

Then he called in his friend Walton and turned over the problem to him, with instructions to work out what was best -- provided it didn't pile unnecessary burdens on the President.

Engages must be loyal to the concessionaires, and must serve until the term provided in the engagement was ended.

The twenty-three ( or twenty-two with the Paynes themselves omitted ) provided merely a place to start, and their identification was the barest of starts.

A bond issue which would have provided some $3.5 million for construction of the two 900-student schools was defeated by district voters in January.

but naturally, the royal ritual, which provided unusual control over already supremely powerful divine spirits, was held responsible for regulating the universe and insuring the welfare of the kingdom.

In 1060, Ealdred was elected to the archbishopric of York, but had difficulty in obtaining papal approval for his appointment, only managing to do so when he promised not to hold the bishoprics of York and Worcester simultaneously.

Then the archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen had a falling-out with the pope and in 1105 a separate archbishopric for the North was established in Lund.

The Archbishopric of Riga (, ) was an archbishopric in Medieval Livonia, a subject to the Holy See.

It was established in 1186 as the bishopric of Livonia at Üxküll, then after moving to Riga it became the bishopric of Riga in 1202 and was elevated to an archbishopric in 1255.

The see of York was elevated to an archbishopric in 735, and it is likely that Bede and Ecgbert discussed the proposal for the elevation during his visit.

Chonæ was made an archbishopric about 858-60, and in some later episcopal notices appears as a metropolis.

After filling a number of ecclesiastical offices, he was elevated to the archbishopric of Paris in 1840.

In 1141, the archbishopric of Bourges became vacant, and the King put forward as a candidate one of his chancellors, Cadurc, whilst vetoing the one suitable candidate, Pierre de la Chatre, who was promptly elected by the canons of Bourges and consecrated by the Pope.

The whole of Macedonia was incorporated into the Byzantine Empire as Theme of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian Patriarchate was reduced in rank to an archbishopric.

After studying at Bologna and acquiring a reputation as a jurist, he went in 1527 to Rome, and as the favourite of Pope Paul III was rapidly promoted to the governorship of several towns, the archbishopric of Ragusa, the vice-legateship of Bologna, and in April 1549, to the cardinalate.

However, according to Andreas Agnellus, George tried to bribe Lothair to make his archbishopric independent of Rome, and was captured at the Battle of Fontenoy.

St David's Metropolitan Status as an archbishopric was later supported by Bernard, Bishop of St David's, Geoffrey of Monmouth and Gerald of Wales.

France succeeded in finally claiming Trier in 1794 during the French Revolutionary Wars, and the electoral archbishopric was dissolved.

It was not until 1103, however, that the first archbishopric was founded in Scandinavia, at Lund ( in the southernmost part of present-day Sweden, previously part of Denmark ).

In 1821 ( Arch ) Diocese of Breslau was disentangled from the Polish ecclesiastical province ( archbishopric ) in Gniezno and made Breslau an exempt bishopric.

On 17 December 954, he was appointed to the archbishopric of Mainz following the death of the rebellious former archbishop Frederick.

As a result he was stripped of his archbishopric.

At the time, the archbishopric of Canterbury was vacant, since Robert Winchelsey was in Italy to receive consecration.

The archbishopric of Mainz was formally transferred to Regensburg.

As a royal clerk, Gerald observed significant political events at first hand, and was offered appointments as bishoprics of Wexford and Leighlin, and apparently at a little later time the bishopric of Ossory and the archbishopric of Cashel, and later the Welsh Bishopric of Bangor and, in 1191, that of Llandaff.

Soon after the transfer of the Roman capital, the bishopric was elevated to an archbishopric.