* Vulgar Latin and Late Latin among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the Roman empire and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900 AD ; medieval Latin and Renaissance Latin among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582 / 83 ; new Latin written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe ; ecclesiastical Latin, in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the Roman Catholic Church.

Already during the high medieval period, and increasingly during the Late Middle Ages, city states and communes such as those of the Old Swiss Confederacy also began to use flags as field signs.

** Late medieval German literature / Renaissance ( 1300 – 1500 )

Page from the Notitia Dignitatum, a medieval copy of a Late Roman register of military commands

The economic might and relatively advanced development of Tuscany at the time ( Late Middle Ages ) gave its dialect weight, though the Venetian language remained widespread in medieval Italian commercial life, and Ligurian ( or Genoese ) remained in use in maritime trade alongside the Mediterranean.

After plummeting in the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages | high and Late Middle Ages | late medieval period witnessed a sharp increase of manuscript production.

Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practised in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new forms of agrarian contract.

In former Roman settlements, a system of villas, dating from Late Antiquity, was inherited by the medieval world.

Late medieval depiction of Máel Coluim III with MacDuib (" MacDuff "), from an MS ( Corpus Christi MS 171 ) of Walter Bower's Scotichronicon.

Late medieval rhetorical writings include those of St. Thomas Aquinas ( 1225 ?- 1274 ), Matthew of Vendome ( Ars Versificatoria, 1175?

* Byzantine Empire ( 330 / 476 / 629 to 1453 ), a Late Antiquity and medieval continuation of the Greek-speaking portion of the Roman Empire

Due to fires in the 18th century which destroyed much of the medieval architecture, the city was rebuilt along Late Baroque and Neoclassical lines.

The predecessor of the medieval bestiary, compiled in Late Antiquity and known as Physiologus ( Φυσιολόγος ), popularized an elaborate allegory in which a unicorn, trapped by a maiden ( representing the Virgin Mary ), stood for the Incarnation.

Morganatic, already in use in English by 1727 ( according to the Oxford English Dictionary ), is derived from the medieval Latin morganaticus from the Late Latin phrase matrimonium ad morganaticam and refers to the gift given by the groom to the bride on the morning after the wedding, morning gift, i. e. dower.

The province of Illyricum was divided into Dalmatia and Pannonia in 10 AD, but term Illyria remained in use in Late Latin and throughout the medieval period.

The district contains the ruins of a medieval church, founded in the 8th century, rebuilt in the 11th century, and converted into a fortress in the Late Middle Ages.

Such changes feature on other Hungarian townspeople's residences, built from the mid-15th century mostly of stone and wood with a cellar, ground floor and upper storey, in the Late Gothic and Renaissance styles ; although the late medieval houses have often been considerably altered, the street façades of the old town are mostly preserved.

Late medieval tombs include that of Sir David Mathew of Llandaff ( 1400 – 1484 ).

Although some terms in academia do go out of style, such as " Dark Ages ", the term Barbarian is in full common currency among all mainstream medieval scholars and is not out of style or outdated, though a disclaimer is often felt to be needed, as when Ralph W. Mathisen prefaces a discussion of barbarian bishops in Late Antiquity, " It should also be noted that the word " barbarian " will be used here as a convenient, nonpejorative term to refer to all the non-Latin and non-Greek speaking exterae gentes who dwelt around, and even eventually settled within, the Roman Empire during late antiquity ".

Late medieval tile hearth and associated floor

The medieval period was now clearly separated into three distinct periods: Early Feudal, High and Late Chivalric Feudal, for each period with a distinct technology.

In the Late Middle Ages, sumptuary laws were instituted as a way for the nobility to cap the conspicuous consumption of the prosperous bourgeoisie of medieval cities, and they continued to be used for these purposes well into the 17th century.

The more recent formulation of a historical period characterized as " Late Antiquity " emphasizes the transformations of ancient to medieval worlds within a cultural continuity, and European archaeology of the first millennium, purposefully undertaken in the later 20th century, even extends the continuity in material culture and patterns of settlement below the political overlay as reaching as late as the eleventh century.

File: KraemerbrueckeOben. jpg | Late medieval Krämerbrücke supporting two rows of houses

* Erhart Falckener: crafter of Late Gothic church furnishings

In Late Gothic settings, altarpieces and devotional images were customarily crowned with gables and canopies supported by clustered-column piers, echoing in small the architecture of Gothic churches.

Late Gothic sculpture of Rupert of Salzburg ( c 660 – 710 ).

Paolo worked in the Late Gothic tradition, and emphasized colour and pageantry rather than the Classical realism that other artists were pioneering.

This church, not to be confused with the Dresden Frauenkirche, was first mentioned in a 1205 deed issued by Bishop Dietrich II and after a blaze about 1450 rebuilt in the Late Gothic style of a hall church.

He is called " the Younger " to distinguish him from his father, Hans Holbein the Elder, an accomplished painter of the Late Gothic school.

His Late Gothic style was enriched by artistic trends in Italy, France, and the Netherlands, as well as by Renaissance Humanism.

Houses in these areas date from around 1875 until 1949, and are in Late Victorian and Gothic Revival styles.

The later nudes are in a distinctive style which abandons Italian influence for a revival of Late Gothic style, with small heads, narrow shoulders, high breasts and waists.

Fontainebleau ideals of female beauty are Mannerist: a small neat head on a long neck, exaggeratedly long torso and limbs, small high breasts — almost a return to Late Gothic beauties.

Detail of Gothic architecture | Late Gothic carving on the Chapel of Saint-Hubert

By 1851 the " Chaumont suite " of early-16th century Late Gothic tapestries with subjects of courntry life emblemmatic of the triumph of Eternity, closely associated with Chaumont and now at the Cleveland Museum of Art, was still hanging in the " Chambre de Catherine de Médicis "; the tapestries had been cut and pieced to fit the room.

Art historians classify illuminated manuscripts into their historic periods and types, including ( but not limited to ) Late Antique, Insular, Carolingian manuscripts, Ottonian manuscripts, Romanesque manuscripts, Gothic manuscripts, and Renaissance manuscripts.

The Historisches Kaufhaus, or Historical Merchants Hall, is a Late Gothic building on the south side of Freiburg's Münsterplatz.

St. Francis Xavier Church ( 1939 ) was designed in the Late Gothic Revival mode while McCarthy, Smith & Eppig were simultaneously working on St. Joseph's.

This church, Late Gothic, built in 1466, has frescoes on the ceilings and a remarkable church organ.

* Dr. Joseph M. Bynum House-a home in the Late Gothic Revival style built in the late 19th century

Late Gothic sculptures of the Virgin and Child may show a standing virgin with the child in her arms.

Hasle Church itself, built in the 15th century in a Late Gothic style, has a carved, early 16th century triptych.

Old Court, whose construction began in 1880 and is built in red brick in the Victorian Late Perpendicular Gothic Revival style, was largely designed by Sir Arthur Blomfield and comprises seven staircases ( A to G ), together with a tower and gateway, Master's Lodge, Chapel, Hall, Kitchens, Music Practice Room, and Archives.

* The Late Gothic Sint Martinus Church with ship ( 1489 ), the choir ( 1520 ), and quasi Romanesque towers from the ( 12th century ).