These never ceased to suggest that if, in the eyes of Marx and Lenin `` full communism '' was still a very distant ideal, the establishment of a Communist society had now, under Khrushchev, become an `` immediate and tangible reality ''.

The founder of Russian Marxism, Georgy Plekhanov, who was at first allied with Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks, parted ways with them by 1904.

He remained a self-described " non-factional social democrat " until August 1917 when he joined Lenin and the Bolsheviks as their positions assembled and he came to believe that Lenin was right on the issue of the party.

However this was not accepted and Lenin tried to expel him from the Bolshevik faction.

Lenin was firmly opposed to any re-unification, but was outvoted within the Bolshevik leadership.

It was created on December 20, 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin, and was subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

At Moscow, Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls ; and, in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

At the founding congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( the predecessor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ) Vladimir Lenin was able to gain enough support for the establishment of an all-powerful central organ at the next congress.

The majority of the members had been skeptical of initiating the revolution so early, and it was Lenin who was able to persuade them.

The Central Committee, according to Lenin, was to be the supreme authority of the party.

Criticism of other officials was allowed during these meetings, for instance, Karl Radek said to Lenin ( criticising his position of supporting peace with the Germans ), " If there were five hundred courageous men in Petrograd, we would put you in prison.

" The decision to negotiate peace with the Germans was only reached when Lenin threatened to resign, which in turn led to a temporary coalition between Lenin's supporters and those of Trotsky and others.

At the 9th Party Congress the Democratic Centralists, an opposition faction within the party, accused Lenin and his associates, of creating a Central Committee in which a " small handful of party oligarchs ... was banning those who hold deviant views.

Lenin reply was evasive, he conceded that faults had been made, but noted that if such policies had in fact been carried out the criticism of him during the 9th Party Congress could not have occurred.

Lenin did state that factionalism was allowed, but only allowed before and during Party Congresses when the different sides needed to win votes.

The 11th Party Congress would prove to be the last congress chaired by Lenin, he suffered one stroke in May 1922, was paralysed by a second in December later that year, was removed from public life in March 1923 and died on 21 January 1924.

When Lenin died, the Soviet leadership was uncertain how the building of the new, socialist society should proceed.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

In his testament, Lenin referred to Trotsky's " exceptional abilities ", adding " personally he is perhaps the most able man in the present central committee.

Importantly, Lenin declared that the development of socialism would not be able to be pursued in the manner originally thought by Marxists.

Before his death in 1924, Lenin, while describing Trotsky as " distinguished not only by his exceptional abilities – personally he is, to be sure, the most able man in the present Central Committee ", and also maintaining that " his non-Bolshevik past should not be held against him ", criticized him for " showing excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative side of the work ", and also requested that Stalin be removed from his position of General Secretary, but his notes remained suppressed until 1956.

Lenin was arguing by 1917 not only that the Russian bourgeoisie would not be able to carry through the tasks of the Bourgeois Democratic Revolution and therefore the proletariat had to take state power, but also that it should take economic power via a Soviet ( council ).

Lenin as a " model workers ' leader ," who had proven himself able to " break his own road " from being an ordinary worker into becoming a political leader in the struggle for a " better social system.

Despite often being attributed to Lenin, in 1987, Grant Harris, senior reference librarian at the Library of Congress, declared that " We have not been able to identify this phrase among published works.

Namboodiripad in his overall appreciative review of the book criticised Chattopadhyaya for not able to " explain in a sufficiently convincing way as to why Lenin thought it necessary to go to Hegel in his later years ", as evident from his Philosophical Notebooks of 1914.

Critics of this kind include anti-Stalinist communists such as Leon Trotsky, who pointed out that Lenin attempted to persuade the CPSU to remove Stalin from his post as its General Secretary.

During the heated debates in the Central Committee about a possible peace with the Germans, Lenin did not have a majority ; both Trotsky and Nikolai Bukharin had more support for their own position than Lenin.

Several Central Committee members, who were members of the Workers Opposition, offered their resignation to Lenin but their resignations were not accepted, and they were instead asked to submit to party discipline.

This is in deep contrast to the Lenin era ( 1917 – 1924 ), when six Congresses were held, five conferences and 69 meetings of the Central Committee.

Stalin had managed to turn Lenin's hierarchical model on its head ; under Lenin the Party Congress and the Central Committee were the highest decision-making organs, under Stalin the Politburo, Secretariat and the Orgburo became the most important decision-making bodies.

Under Lenin the Central Committee functioned like the Politburo did during the post-Stalin era, as the party's leading collective organ.

He sided with Lenin against Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev when the Bolshevik Central Committee discussed staging an armed uprising, and he led the efforts to overthrow the Provisional Government headed by Aleksandr Kerensky.

Allied with Lenin, he defeated attempts by other Bolshevik Central Committee members ( Zinoviev, Kamenev, Alexey Rykov, etc.

Lenin and the Bolshevik Central Committee agreed on 4 March to create the Supreme Military Council, headed by former chief of the imperial General Staff Mikhail Bonch-Bruevich.

Influenced by Lenin, the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party stated that the development of the socialist workers ’ culture should not be ‘ hamstrung from above ’, and opposed the Proletkult ( 1917 – 25 ) organisational control of the national culture.

When Lenin died in January 1924, the testament was read out to a meeting of the party's Central Committee.

Lenin set up a political bureau in 1917 specifically to direct the Revolution, but this precursor did not outlast the event ; the Central Committee continued with the political functions.

While V. I. Lenin was in favor of signing the German peace proposal immediately, a majority of the Bolshevik Central Committee under the leadership of Nikolai Bukharin and Karl Radek believed that Germany, Austro-Hungary Turkey and Bulgaria were all on the verge of a revolution within their borders.

This time Lenin had a majority with him on the Central Committee and the Soviet government sent George V. Chichern and Lev Karakhan to head a new delegation to the peace conference with instructions to sign this proposal.

Kamenev and Zinoviev had a falling out with Lenin over their opposition to Soviet seizure of power in October 1917 On 10 October 1917 ( Old Style ), Kamenev and Zinoviev were the only two Central Committee members to vote against an armed revolt.

Although Zinoviev and Kamenev briefly had the support of a Central Committee majority and negotiations were started, a quick collapse of the anti-Bolshevik forces outside Petrograd allowed Lenin and Trotsky to convince the Central Committee to abandon the negotiating process.

He was elected to the RSDLP's Central Committee in 1907 and sided with Lenin in 1908 when the Bolshevik faction split into Lenin's supporters and Alexander Bogdanov's followers.

Although Zinoviev and Kamenev briefly had the support of a Central Committee majority and negotiations were started, a quick collapse of the anti-Bolshevik forces outside Petrograd allowed Lenin and Trotsky to convince the Central Committee to abandon the negotiating process.

He delivered the Central Committee's reports to the XIIth and XIIIth Party Congresses in 1923 and 1924 respectively, something that Lenin had previously done.

Lenin Peak is the highest mountain in the Trans-Alay Range of Central Asia, and in the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan it is exceeded only by Ismoil Somoni Peak ( 7, 495 m ).