These never ceased to suggest that if, in the eyes of Marx and Lenin `` full communism '' was still a very distant ideal, the establishment of a Communist society had now, under Khrushchev, become an `` immediate and tangible reality ''.

The founder of Russian Marxism, Georgy Plekhanov, who was at first allied with Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks, parted ways with them by 1904.

He remained a self-described " non-factional social democrat " until August 1917 when he joined Lenin and the Bolsheviks as their positions assembled and he came to believe that Lenin was right on the issue of the party.

However this was not accepted and Lenin tried to expel him from the Bolshevik faction.

It was created on December 20, 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin, and was subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

At Moscow, Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls ; and, in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

At the founding congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( the predecessor of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ) Vladimir Lenin was able to gain enough support for the establishment of an all-powerful central organ at the next congress.

Lenin was able to persuade the Central Committee, after a long and heated discussion, to initiate the October Revolution.

The majority of the members had been skeptical of initiating the revolution so early, and it was Lenin who was able to persuade them.

The Central Committee, according to Lenin, was to be the supreme authority of the party.

Criticism of other officials was allowed during these meetings, for instance, Karl Radek said to Lenin ( criticising his position of supporting peace with the Germans ), " If there were five hundred courageous men in Petrograd, we would put you in prison.

" The decision to negotiate peace with the Germans was only reached when Lenin threatened to resign, which in turn led to a temporary coalition between Lenin's supporters and those of Trotsky and others.

At the 9th Party Congress the Democratic Centralists, an opposition faction within the party, accused Lenin and his associates, of creating a Central Committee in which a " small handful of party oligarchs ... was banning those who hold deviant views.

Lenin reply was evasive, he conceded that faults had been made, but noted that if such policies had in fact been carried out the criticism of him during the 9th Party Congress could not have occurred.

Lenin did state that factionalism was allowed, but only allowed before and during Party Congresses when the different sides needed to win votes.

The 11th Party Congress would prove to be the last congress chaired by Lenin, he suffered one stroke in May 1922, was paralysed by a second in December later that year, was removed from public life in March 1923 and died on 21 January 1924.

When Lenin died, the Soviet leadership was uncertain how the building of the new, socialist society should proceed.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Lenin, who had earlier hoped for a speedy Soviet revolution in Germany and other parts of Europe, quickly decided that the imperial government of Germany was still firmly in control and that, without a strong Russian military, an armed conflict with Germany would lead to a collapse of the Soviet government in Russia.

As he told Lenin, " My personal influence in the Revolutionary Governing Council is such that the dictatorship of the proletariat is firmly established, since the masses are backing me ".

However, during the Russian Civil War Lenin and Trotsky more firmly embraced the concept of national self-determination for tactical reasons.

Lenin advocated limiting party membership to a smaller core of active members, as opposed to " card carriers " who might only be active in party branches from time to time or not at all.

Although at first the disagreement appeared to be minor and inspired by personal conflicts, for example, Lenin's insistence on dropping less active editorial board members from Iskra or Martov's support for the Organizing Committee of the Congress which Lenin opposed, the differences quickly grew and the split became irreparable.

In Russia the Social Democrats ' plan had the backing of Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Bolsheviks, who in July 1917 were plotting a revolt against the Russian Provisional Government, which was opposed the Power Act, as it would reduce the power of the Russian administration in the country.

This move was opposed by Anton Pannekoek and Karl Leibknecht within the SPD and by others in the International such as Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin, some of whom participated in the ' Paris Commission ' set up by the International.

At first opposed to it, in the end Lenin voted for Trotsky's resolution to avoid a split among anti-war socialists.

Those who opposed the war, such as Vladimir Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg, saw themselves as further to the left.

Lenin recognized and accepted the existence of nationalism among oppressed peoples, advocated their national rights to self-determination, and opposed the ethnic chauvinism of “ Greater Russia ” because such ethnocentrism was a cultural obstacle to establishing the proletarian dictatorship in the territories of the deposed Tsarist Russian Empire ( 1721 – 1917 ).

Influenced by Lenin, the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Party stated that the development of the socialist workers ’ culture should not be ‘ hamstrung from above ’, and opposed the Proletkult ( 1917 – 25 ) organisational control of the national culture.

Lenin was adamantly opposed to any re-unification, but was outvoted within the Bolshevik leadership.

Their publication of an open letter opposed to the use of force enraged Lenin, who demanded their expulsion from the party.

After the Russian monarchy was overthrown during the February Revolution, he returned to Russia in April 1917 in a sealed train with Lenin and other revolutionaries opposed to the war.

Their publication of an open letter opposed to use of force enraged Lenin, who demanded their expulsion from the party.

One who directly opposed the idea of decadence as expressed by Lenin was José Ortega y Gasset in The Revolt of the Masses ( 1930 ).

Bevanites ' views towards nationalisation mirrored those of Vladimir Lenin, in that state control was only seen as necessary in the context of exchange or distribution, as opposed to the total and immediate appropriation of as much private property as possible.

Lenin condemned much of the center as social-pacifists for several reasons, but partly because while they opposed the war they refused to break party discipline and voted for war credits.

Clara Zetkin recorded that Lenin opposed free love as " completely un-Marxist, and moreover, anti-social ".

In 1914 Martov opposed the First World War, which he viewed as an imperialist war in terms very similar to those of Lenin and Trotsky.

Lenin called for a Bolshevik dictatorship, which was opposed by some Bolsheviks.

The Second International dissolved during the war, while Lenin, Trotsky, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, together with a small number of other Marxists opposed to the war, came together in the Zimmerwald Conference in September 1915.

Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, together with a small number of other Marxists opposed to the war, came together in the Zimmerwald Conference in September 1915.

In 1903, following the split of the RSDLP, Lenin left the staff ( after his initial proposal to reduce the editorial board to three-himself, Julius Martov and Georgi Plekhanov-was vehemently opposed ), the newspaper fell under the control of the Mensheviks and was published by Plekhanov until 1905.

Stone was also critical of both Lenin and Trotsky for their " cruel and bloody ruthlessness " in deposing the czars of Russia, and later scolded Trotskyists in America for believing that Trotsky would have been any different than Stalin in terms of repressing those who opposed him.

Moreover, other political parties supported the anti-Bolshevik White Army, among them the democrats, the Socialist-Revolutionary Party, and others who opposed the Bolshevik October Revolution of Lenin.

Only the Italians accepted the need for electoral work at all for a very short period of time, which they later vehemently opposed, attracting the wrath of Lenin attacking Bordiga in " Left-Wing " Communism: An Infantile Disorder, the German-Dutch and Russian wings opposed the " right of nations to self-determination " which they denounced as a form of bourgeois nationalism, the Italians did not have a clear position on national determination however.