Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Y is otherwise found mainly among Nivkhs, and with lower frequency among Tungusic peoples, Koreans, Mongols ( including Kalmyks and Buryats ), Chinese, Japanese, Central Asians, South Siberian Turkic peoples ( e. g. Tuvans, Todjins, Soyots ), Koryaks, Alyutors, Itelmens, Taiwanese aborigines, Filipinos, Indonesians, and Malaysians.

:* Mitochondrial – loci are situated on the mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA sequences support the theory that these are recently diverged separate species.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the split between Eudyptula and Spheniscus occurred around 25 million years ago, with the ancestors of the White-flippered and Little Penguins diverging about 2. 7 million years ago.

Mitochondrial DNA.

Mitochondrial DNA haplotype comparisons suggest that it diverged from the other Ostriches not quite four mya due to formation of the East African Rift.

" Mitochondrial DNA analysis implying extensive hybridization of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus ".

" Mitochondrial DNA variability of the grey wolf-genetic consequences of population decline and habitat fragmentation ".

Mitochondrial DNA extracted from eastern North American wolves killed in the 1800s is not of gray wolf origin.

* Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs, B. Malyarchuk, T. Grzybowski, M. Derenko, M. Perkova, T. Vanecek, J. Lazur, P. Gomolcaknd I. Tsybovsky, Oxford Journals

Mitochondrial DNA variation from Madagascar to Easter islands "

Mitochondrial DNA provides evidence of restricted gene flow between different colonies, strongly suggesting philopatry.

Mitochondrial DNA has been extracted from two Scytho-Siberian skeletons found in the Altai Republic ( Russia ).

Mitochondrial DNA sequences in 2009 have identified five distinct California sea lion populations: the US or Pacific Temperate stock, the Western Baja California or Pacific Tropical stock, and the Southern, Central, and Northern Gulf of California stocks.

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the genus split from other penguins around 38 million years ago, about 2 million years after the ancestors of the genus Aptenodytes.

Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) and Y-chromosome DNA are commonly used to trace ancestry in this manner.

This leads to the construction of a DNA family tree where the branches are in biological terms clades, and the common ancestors such as Mitochondrial Eve sit at branching points in this tree.

The variation of mitochondrial DNA between different people can be used to estimate the time back to a common ancestor, such as Mitochondrial Eve.

Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA or mDNA ) is the DNA located in organelles called mitochondria, structures within eukaryotic cells that convert the chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).

Mitochondrial DNA can be regarded as the smallest chromosome.

Mitochondrial DNA was discovered in the 1960s by Margit M. K. Nass and Sylvan Nass by electron microscopy as DNase-sensitive thread inside mitochondria, and by Ellen Haslbrunner, Hans Tuppy and Gottfried Schatz by biochemical assays on highly purified mitochondrial fractions.

* Mitochondrial DNA ( journal )

( 1998 ) " Mitochondrial DNA analysis of northwest African populations reveals genetic exchanges with European, near-eastern, and sub-Saharan populations ".

* Arbogast, B. S. ( 1999 ): Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the New World flying squirrels ( Glaucomys ): implications for Pleistocene biogeography.

* Rhymer, Judith M .; Fain, Matthew G .; Austin, Jane E .; Johnson, Douglas H. & Krajewski, Carey ( 2001 ): Mitochondrial phylogeography, subspecific taxonomy, and conservation genetics of sandhill cranes ( Grus canadensis ; Aves: Gruidae ).

Mitochondrial ATP production is also vital for cell division in addition to other basic functions in the cell including the regulation of cell volume, solute concentration, and cellular architecture.

Mitochondrial gene sequences also provide support for this hypothesis.

Mitochondrial Eve ( mt-mrca ) is the name given by researchers to the woman who, by matrilineal reckoning, is the most recent common ancestor ( mrca ) for all living humans.

Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor for all modern humans.

Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell.

Mitochondrial disorders may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components.

Mitochondrial DNA studies have demonstrated that the white-breasted northern subspecies of Eurasian Nuthatch, S. ( europea ) arctica, is distinctive and also a possible candidate for full species status.

When Ivan Nasidze and his colleagues examined both Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome DNA, they found Kurdish groups most similar genetically to other West Asian groups, and most distant from Central Asian groups, for both mtDNA and the Y-chromosome.

A phylogeographic study that uncovered a Mitochondrial Eve that lived in Africa 150, 000 years ago provided early support for the Out-of-Africa model.

* Mitochondrial Eve — An organisation is trying to trace a common maternal ancestor for recent humanity.

* Väli, Ülo ( 2006 ): Mitochondrial DNA sequences support species status for the Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata.

* Väli, Ülo ( 2006 ): Mitochondrial DNA sequences support species status for the Indian Spotted Eagle Aquila hastata.

Since Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam are traced by single genes via a single ancestral parent lines, the time to these genetic MRCAs will necessarily be greater than that for the genealogical MRCA.

* ( 1992 ): Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle's pace: evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines.

* ( G71. 3 ) Mitochondrial myopathies, which are due to defects in mitochondria, which provide a critical source of energy for muscle

Mitochondrial DNA is only 16kb in length and encodes for 62 genes.

The Eve in the title refers to Mitochondrial Eve, a name used for the most recent common ancestor of all humans in the matrilineal ( mother to daughter ) line of descent.