Modern school textbooks often define separate figures called lines ( infinite ), rays ( semi-infinite ), and line segments ( of finite length ).

The first half of the 20th century saw the publication of two influential textbooks that soon came to be regarded as founding documents of chemical thermodynamics, both of which used and extended Gibbs's work in that field: these were Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Processes ( 1923 ), by Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall, and Modern Thermodynamics by the Methods of Willard Gibbs ( 1933 ), by Edward A. Guggenheim.

Modern textbooks write this equivalently as:

The booklet was a success and laid the foundation for a number of best-selling textbooks: An Approach to Literature ( 1936 ), Understanding Poetry ( 1938 ), Understanding Fiction ( 1943 ), Modern Rhetoric ( 1949 ), and, in collaboration with Robert Heilman, Understanding Drama ( 1945 ).

He also published textbooks on Fields and Waves in Modern Radio ( 1944 ) and Introduction to Microwaves ( 1945 ).

Modern Oxfam bookshops typically boast professional fittings and a wide range of stock, including recent novels, specialist textbooks and out-of-print curios.

Modern curricula and textbooks were introduced and the professional training of the teachers improved.

Modern opponents of instruments do not make the same assessment of instruments as these writers, who argued that God had allowed David the “ evil ” of using musical instruments in praise.

However they do teach a subject called " Modern Studies " which covers the social, political and economic study of local, national and international issues.

Modern Judaism generally rejects this form of motivation, instead teaching to do the right thing because it's the right thing to do.

Modern Hebrew Bibles call the two books Ezra and Nehemiah, as do other modern Bible translations.

Modern bullion coins for investment or collector purposes do not require good mechanical wear properties ; they are typically fine gold at 24k, although the American Gold Eagle and the British gold sovereign continue to be minted in 22k metal in historical tradition.

Modern gas masks are quite safe and do not use asbestos, but it is still important to be careful when using a modern gas mask.

All varieties, from Biblical to Modern, use a typically Semitic templatic morphology with triconsonantal stems, though Mishnaic and Modern Hebrew have significant borrowed components of the lexicon that do not fit into this pattern.

Modern tests do not necessarily measure of all of these broad abilities.

Modern processors can even do some of the steps out of order as decoding on several instructions is done in parallel.

Modern Islamic libraries for the most part do not hold these antique books ; many were lost, destroyed by Mongols, or removed to European libraries and museums during the colonial period.

Modern tools perform forms of analysis that many optimizing compilers typically don't do, such as cross-module consistency checking, checking that the code will be portable to other compilers, and supporting annotations that specify intended behavior or properties of code.

At the same time, many self-proclaimed Modern Orthodox Jews do not have a problem with historical scholarship in this area.

That June, Green Day's " Longview " reached number one on Billboards Modern Rock Tracks chart and became a top forty airplay hit, arguably the first ever American punk song to do so ; just one month later, The Offspring's " Come Out and Play " followed suit.

Modern pencils do not contain lead as the " lead " of the pencil is actually a mix of finely ground graphite and clay powders.

Modern touchscreens could be used in conjunction with stylus pointing devices, while those powered by infrared do not require physical touch, but just recognize the movement of hand and fingers in some minimum range distance from the real screen.

Modern editions such as those of the Oz ve-Hadar Institute correct misprints and restore passages that in earlier editions were modified or excised by censorship but do not attempt a comprehensive account of textual variants.

Modern egg-laying breeds rarely go broody, and those that do often stop part-way through the incubation.

Nouns do not have gender in Modern English, although many of them denote people or animals of a specific sex.

In Modern Hebrew, a Semitic language, most nouns have only singular and plural forms, such as ספר " book " and ספרים " books ", but some have distinct dual forms using a distinct dual suffix ( largely nouns pertaining to numbers or time, such as אלפיים " two thousand " and שבועיים " two weeks "), some use this dual suffix for their regular plurals ( largely body parts that tend to come in pairs, such as עיניים " eyes ", as well as some that do not, such as שיניים " teeth "), and some are inherently dual ( such as מכנסיים " pants " and אופניים " bicycle ").

Modern routers, however, do not require these technologies to be able to forward variable-length packets at multigigabit speeds across the network.

Modern Petri dishes often have rings on the lids and bases, which allow them to be stacked so that they do not slide off one another.

Modern Madeiras which do not carry a varietal label are generally made from Tinta Negra Mole.

Modern warfare was born in this campaign -- periscopes, camouflage, booby traps, land mines, extended order, trench raids, foxholes, armored cars, night attacks, flares, sharpshooters in trees, interlaced vines and treetops, which were the forerunners of barbed wire, trip wires to thwart a cavalry charge, which presaged the mine trap, and the general use of anesthetics.

Modern use of AAC began in the 1950s with systems for users who had lost the use of speech following surgical procedures.

Modern genetics has made clear that the lack of use does not, in itself, necessitate a feature's disappearance.

Modern barter and trade has evolved considerably to become an effective method of increasing sales, conserving cash, moving inventory, and making use of excess production capacity for businesses around the world.

Modern returning boomerangs can be of various shapes or sizes as can be seen in a photo in the Modern use section.

Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies.

Modern biotechnology is often associated with the use of genetically altered microorganisms such as E. coli or yeast for the production of substances like synthetic insulin or antibiotics.

Modern imaging systems like PostScript, Asymptote, Metafont, and SVG use Bézier splines composed of cubic Bézier curves for drawing curved shapes.

Modern concrete wall systems use both external insulation and thermal mass to create an energy-efficient building.

Modern theoretical studies involve the use of numerical computation of electronic structure and mathematical tools to understand phenomena such as high-temperature superconductivity, topological phases and gauge symmetries.

Modern historians sometimes call him " Robert the Consul ", for that reason, though he himself and his contemporaries did not use that name.

Modern military camouflage makes use of # Disruptive patterning | disruptively patterned equipment, face paint and natural materials

Modern clutches typically use a compound organic resin with copper wire facing or a ceramic material.

Modern VLSI processors instead use matrices of field effect transistors to build the ROM and / or PLA structures used to control the processor as well as its internal sequencer in a microcoded implementation.

Modern carbines use ammunition ranging from that used in light pistols up to powerful rifle cartridges, with the usual exception of high velocity magnum cartridges.

Modern computer buses can use both parallel and bit serial connections, and can be wired in either a multidrop ( electrical parallel ) or daisy chain topology, or connected by switched hubs, as in the case of USB.

Modern vacuum tubes use thermionic emission, in which the cathode is made of a thin wire filament which is heated by a separate electric current passing through it.

Modern crossbow sights often use similar technology to modern firearm sights, such red dot sights and telescopic sights.

The 12 year cycle, including Turkish / Mongolian translations of the animal names ( known as sanawat-e turki سنوات ترکی ,) remained in use for chronology, historiography, and bureaucratic purposes in the Persian and Turkish speaking world from Asia Minor to India and Mongolia throughout the Medieval and Early Modern periods.

Modern methods include the use of lossless data compression for incremental parsing, prediction suffix tree and string searching by factor oracle algorithm ( basically a factor oracle is a finite state automaton constructed in linear time and space in an incremental fashion ).

The massive use of charcoal on an industrial scale in Early Modern Europe was a new type of consumption of western forests ; even in Stuart England, the relatively primitive production of charcoal has already reached an impressive level.

Modern Mongolians still use such bones as shagai, for games and fortunetelling.