In the 19th century, Sir Monier Monier-Williams ( Indologist and Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford ) wrote that " Perhaps the most important point to which Raja Ram Mohan Roy awakened was the absence of all Vedic sanction for the self-immolation of widows ( Suttee ).

More than a century ago, Monier-Williams tentatively suggested a derivation from " to see ".

According to the dictionary of Monier Monier-Williams, the most frequent meanings of the Sanskrit term, from which the word " prakrit " is derived, are " original, natural, normal " and the term is derived from, " making or placing before or at first, the original or natural form or condition of anything, original or primary substance ".

As noted by Monier-Williams in his Sanskrit-English dictionary, according to Alexander Cunningham, its shape represents a monogram formed by interlacing of the letters of the auspicious words su-astí () written in Ashokan characters.

Monier-Williams also quotes Tārānātha who compiled the great ( Sanskrit-to-Sanskrit ) dictionary named " ṛṣati jñānena saṃsāra-pāram " ( i. e., " one who reaches beyond this mundane world by means of spiritual knowledge ").

The Sanskrit term haṭha refers to the use of persistence or force, and haṭhayoga is translated by the Monier-Williams dictionary as " a kind of forced Yoga or abstract meditation ( forcing the mind to withdraw from external objects ; treated of in the Haṭha ‐ pradīpikā by Svātmārāma and performed with much self ‐ torture, such as standing on one leg, holding up the arms, inhaling smoke with the head inverted & c .).

In Hinduism, is the goddess of death and corruption, one of the dikpāla ( Guardians of the directions ), representing the southwest ( or — according Monier-Williams ’ s Sanskrit-English Dictionary — the south ).

In Hinduism, yajna ( Sanskrit ; yagam ( Tamil ய ா கம ்) ; also Anglicized as Yajna, Yadna ) is a ritual of sacrifice ( also " worship, prayer, praise, offering and oblation, sacrifice " according to Monier-Williams ) derived from the practice in Vedic times.

Photo of Monier Monier-Williams by Lewis Carroll

* A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages, Monier Monier-Williams, revised by E. Leumann, C. Cappeller, et al.

Assuming that 1 paurusha is 6 ft long, then 1 yojana must represent a distance of about 14. 6 km ( or about 9 miles, as suggested by Monier-Williams ).

A photo of Monier Monier-Williams by Lewis Carroll, taken from,, touched up Derrick Coetzee.

* Śakoontalá or The Lost Ring: an Indian drama ( 1855 ) by Sir Monier Monier-Williams

The Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary lists for the Sanskrit word a meaning of " collective Name for 5 peoples, viz.

Monier-Williams wrote in Brahmanism and Hinduism that the symbol of linga is " never in the mind of a Saiva ( or Siva-worshipper ) connected with indecent ideas, nor with sexual love.

V. S. Apte gives this particular meaning and derivation, and Monier-Williams also gives the same, with some qualification.

* Generally: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary ( 1899 ), s. v.

* Frederick Charles Danvers, Harriet Martineau, Monier Monier-Williams, Stuart Colvin Bayley, Percy Wigram, Brand Sapte et al.

Similar accusations had already led to Müller's exclusion from the Boden chair in Sanskrit in favour of the conservative Monier Monier-Williams.

Monier-Williams gives " solar day " instead of Rāśi as the fifth limb.

Monier Monier-Williams, KCIE ( 12 November 1819 – 11 April 1899 ) was the second Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford University, England.

* Biography of Sir Monier Monier-Williams, Dr. Gillian Evison, Digital Shikshapatri

Monier-Williams defines the compound as ( m., also pl.

Indigenous grammar ( Pāṇini Dhātupāṭha I. 557 ) gives to Kīl the meaning of bandha, i. e. " to bind ", while Monier-Williams ( 285 ) gives the meanings " to bind, fasten, stake, pin ".

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